Tribhuvan University

Institute of Engineering
Department of Architecture

Design Studio I
ANFA International Football Stadium
Gaindakot, Nawalparasi
Final Presentation

Submitted By:
Aditi Jaiswal (076March002)
Submitted To: Anita Shrestha (076March003)
Prof. Dr. Sudha Shrestha Jyoti Dhamala (076March006)
Asst. Prof Dr. Ashim Ratna Bajrachrya Prakash Maharjan (076March012)
Tulsi Kumar Kaway (076March020)
 Acknowledgement

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all who have offered their help in
accomplishing this report. We would like to thank our subject teachers Prof. Dr.
Sudha Shrestha and Asst. Prof. Dr. Ashim Bajracharya for their valuable time and
guidance that have been very helpful to shape this design. This design development
could not be completed without the continuous effort of all the members of the
group. Our sincere gratefulness to the teachers of the department for their kind
support, assistance, and advice whenever needed. We would like to thank all our
friends and relatives for the spirit and commitment with which they helped us in this
design process.

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Table of Content
Project justification
Objectives
Methodology
Background and Introduction
Literature Review
Analysis
Case studies
National
International
Site Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Planning Concept and Development
Qualitative and Quantitative Comparision
References
3
Objectives :
 Landmark building

 High-Tec Design

 Mass Gathering,

 Security and Evacuation

 Creating a Space for Community

 Energy Efficient design

 Developing a socio-economic aspects of community/Nation

4
Methodology

5
Project Justification :
 With the lack of sports infrastructure the activities cannot be conducted proper planning for such project
has to be done with proper manner.

 The facilities for organizing International Football and other huge events in near decade for Nepal doesn't
justify the sustainability and the facilities required for such event is not enough.

 The major factor to decentralize the population which is concentrating in Kathmandu valley.

 The booming city like chitwan can facilitate the requirements of the sport events which requires various
infrastructure like hotel, banks, entertaining facilities, road facilities and even the mass transit facilities has
to be come with such stadium.

 The road network that planned by the governments for fast track road to chitwan and new capital as new
destination justify that the facilities for such activities can be built at chitwan with proper management.

6
 Background & Introduction
 Sport (or sports) is all forms of usually competitive  Sports complex is a sports venue where the
physical activities which, through casual or organized multiple types of games can happen at same
participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical time and can host the large number of
ability and skills while providing entertainment to spectators providing the necessary facilities for
participants, and in some cases, spectators. both players and spectators

 Features of sports complex are main stadium,

swimming pool, tennis court, covered hall,
boxing ring, media spaces, sports training
academy etc .

Source:https://issuu.com/chris0021/docs/chris_brown_final_thesis_book

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Background & Introduction
 Trends and directions of arena and stadium developments around the world

First generation: First generation stadiums sought to give access to as many spectators as possible. Crowd
numbers peaked during the 1950s in most developed countries and have been in relative decline ever
since.

 Second generation: Second generation stadiums seek to win back the hearts and minds of the general
public. Venues that have successfully moved into the second generation have found their attendances
stabilizing.

Third Generation: Successful second-generation stadiums are capital intensive but sit vacant for most of
the year. Many attempts are made at inducing non-event day uses, such as receptions and functions.
Broadcasting companies are investing in the latest generation of stadiums. Good attendances are required
less for gate money and more for their value as a 'studio audience'
8
History of Sports Venues
 Greek developed stadia, hippodrome etc to
host Olympics and horse race respectively Stadia
Panathinaikos
 Roman developed theater, amphitheater Stadium
and circus for entertainment.
 Modern Olympics is a milestone for hippodrome
White city
development of new sports center. stadium

 From Greek Panathinaikos stadium to 21st theater

century modern stadium, these were
Modern
influenced and guided by the Roman and stadium
amphitheater 2020
Greek sporting venues. Source:http://www.topendsports.com/world/timeline/history.htm

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History of Sports
 In Nepal, Sports activity had been started only in the mid of 20th century.

 Athletics and football was the major games at that time.

 Football gained popularity even though the nation did not have a national team.

 After Rana period 1950 A.D. football clubs started to emerge.

 After that other sports like Basket ball, volleyball, Badminton, Hand ball, table tennis etc
are becoming popular day by day.

 With increasing popularity of such sports, need for appropriate venues for hosting
events and competition of such sports has become evident.

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History of Sports
 Nepal Sports Council was established in the 1960’s and its main office was at the Singh Durbar.

 Due to greater interest and demand one proper sports complex was required which resulted in the construction
of Dasarath Sports Complex in Kathmandu in 2026 B.S.

 With the establishment of Nepal Sports Council, and Dasarath Sports Complex various game emerged in the
country which had already gain popularity in outer world.

 Though some of the martial arts like taekwondo, karate, etc was officially resister in year 2037-2040 B.S

 Nepal has started participating in various international sports competition such as Olympic, SAARC, SAF, South
Asian games and Asian games. Within the country itself frequently matches are organized. Thus sports have been
able to increase its fans and have also become a source of economy.

 In the present condition Nepal has only two international Sports Complex which an organize competition of
significance.

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 Analysis
Collective motion in human crowds
 The human crowds is believed to emerge from local interactions between individuals in a
process of self-organization.

 Proper signage, easily

visible obstruction free
passage, is important for
safe evacuation of crowd.

Figure: Pedestrian model and velocity alignment dynamics

(Warren, 2018)
(Warren, 2018) 12
 Analysis
Emergency evacuation model for the stadium

 TET (Total Evacuation Time)increases with the

growth of the number of evacuees.

 The access stairs to the exits from the main

bleachers are congested during the first few
minutes of every evacuation scenario. When a
random exit is blocked, the TET increases on an
average of 40 seconds. Figure: Evacuation behaviour during evacuation,
result in 75000 evacuees
(Mahmudzadeh, Ghorbani, & Hakimelahi, 2020)
 Stadium facility management needs to have a
valid and qualitative evacuation plan to evacuate
the crowd safely and effectively.

(Mahmudzadeh, Ghorbani, & Hakimelahi, 2020) 13

 Analysis
Safety at sport stadia
 One of the major cause for disaster is
overcrowding of spectators within a
staircase enclosure which arose from the
lack of crowd management.

 Seated accommodation for all spectators

is one of the most important requirement
to control overcrowd and reduce
tragedies.
Figure: Reasons for spectator standing in seated accommodation
(Melrose, Hampton, & Manu, 2011)
 Various factors causes spectators to stand
in seated accommodations and among
them, few can be solved through stadium
design itself.
(Melrose, Hampton, & Manu, 2011) 14
 Analysis
Aggression in Sports

 Environmental factors are often influential in determining the occurrence and intensity of
aggressive behaviors exhibited by athletes, spectators, and others involved in sports.

 The list of factors thus far shown to affect people’s aggression includes crowding,
darkness, odors, noise, colors, and temperature

 Research from archival investigations has established that as temperatures soar high,
people become increasingly aggressive.

 A research done on hypothesis ‘temperature-aggression’ in Taxes league shows that, as

the temperatures recorded at game time rose so too did the number of batters hit by
pitches.

(Goldstein, 2012) 15
 Analysis
Non-economic impacts of sport
 Social/psychic impacts – which generally refer to the enjoyment provided by sports and
sports facilities to citizens in a community and also Research has shown that sport-based
programs can facilitate educational attainment, especially for young participants

 Community visibility and image impacts – which capture the concept that a city or
locality may experience benefits from being associated with a major sports facility or
team;

 Political impacts – which refer to the political costs and benefits that flow from a sports
facility; and also there is growing evidence that sport can play a positive role in
international relations.

 Developmental impacts – which refer to physical redevelopment of the area immediately

surrounding and in the district encompassing a new sports facility.
(Kellison, et al., 2015), (Chapin, 2002) 16
Reason for selecting a particular case study
Dashrath Rangasala stadium Kathmandu
 One and only international stadium in Nepal
 To know problem facing in present context
Allianz Arena, Germany
 The capacity of spectator are more close to our design capacity
Expected design capacity=50,000 and case study of 66,000
 To know new technology which can be adopted in design for construction
 To know how mass is controlled
 To know ancillary facilities and additional facilities
 To know the lighting system used

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Reason for selecting a particular case study
Bird Nest china
 The new architecture style: Bio-mimicry, curious to know more.
 To know the lighting system used
 To know how it is environment response
 To know the color behaviors
Jawaharlal Nehru stadium (JLNS), New Delhi
 To know innovative system
 To know the evacuation system it is using
 To know green building systems
 The capacity of spectator are more close to our design capacity
Expected design capacity=50000 and case study of 60000
 To know how mass is controlled
 To know ancillary facilities and additional facilities
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SITE ANALYSIS
Site Analysis
Physical features of Site
• Location: Gaindakot , Nawalparasi
• Province : Gandaki Province (4)
• Area : 235,649.88 square meter / 23.56 ha / 58.23 ac
• Location coordinates: 27.6951407 °N, 84.2958722 °E ,
177.9792098 m
• Site orientation is towards South
• Site Topography is large flat surface
• Current land use type : Agriculture , Residential
• Current owner : Private Properties
• Climate : Lower Tropical zone

Source : Nepal, A. d. o. (2015). Municipalities of Nepal. In. 20

Site Analysis
Road Acessibility
Key
Pedestrian and vehicle accesses
Main vehicle accesses
Nodal intersection
Stadium
Public open space and landscape
Surface Parking

Atary Road

Source : Google, e. (Cartographer). (2020). 21

Site Analysis
Site Topography

Upper Tropical Zone – 34.9%

Churia / Siwalik mountain range

Proposed site
Lower Tropical Zone -
56.2%

Narayani River

Source : Google, e. (Cartographer). (2020). 22

Site Analysis Site Surrounding Settlement and infrastructure

Cable car
Churia/Siwalik Mountain Range

Semi-Urban Area
Bhrikuti paper industry

Local Fotball Ground

Semi-Urban Area
Urban Area

Source : Google, e. (Cartographer). (2020). 23

Site Analysis Climatic Analysis

Average min temp – 5 °C

Average max temp - 44 °C Solar path Average annual precipitation - 2145mm

Winter Storm
wind wind

E-W Mahendra Highway W E E-W Mahendra Highway

Prevailing
winds

Source : Google, e. (Cartographer). (2020). 24

SWOT Analysis
Strengths:
• A semi-urban site offers the advantage of lower land costs and helps to acquire a
larger site which will provide greater scope for the inclusion of facilities such as on-
site parking facilities, restaurants like amenities

• A less densely populated area will also reduce the obvious impact of a new-build on
the surrounding area, which will limit the potential risk of disputes with the local
community peoples

• Site is within easy reach of hotels, hospitals, bus stations and even a domestic
airport for possible visitors

• Site Having features like Drinking water , drainage and electricity systems with
frontal Highway road accessibility

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SWOT Analysis
Tourism
• Site is situated on the shore of Narayani River in the lap of Churia / Siwalik mountain
range and Maula Kalika temple, hence this place has a great possibility of tourism
development-main tourism attraction are:
i. Maula kalika
ii. Laxmi Narshimha Temple
iii. British Camp
iv. Dhodeni
v. Narayani river
vi. Narayangadh
vii. Chitwan National park
viii. Devghat
ix. CG Shawotdham

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SWOT Analysis
Transportation
• Bharatpur Airport located in Chitwan, is the nearest airport connecting to
Kathmandu.

• The nearest international airport will be Gautam Buddha International Airport about
118 kilometres (73 mi) west of Gaindakot.

• The site location is connected to Mahendra (East West) Highway.

• Inter-Intra city public transportation are easily and regularly available.

Events( Mahotsav)
• Gaindakot Mahotsav
• Amarapuri Mahotsav
• Weekly haatbazar
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 SWOT Analysis
WEAKNESSES
• Insufficient accommodation
• Narrow approach road

OPPORTUNITIES
• Creation of local employment opportunities and improvement of local economy
• Creation of marketing/ business opportunities for locally produced goods and income of
local people
• Creation of local business opportunities

THREATS
• Traffic Disturbance within highway
• Narayani bridge is the only way to connect the Chitwan and Nawalparasi which may
cause traffic congestions during matchdays

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Program Formulation

Average annual precipitation - 2145mm

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Program Formulation

Average annual precipitation - 2145mm

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Design Consideration
Project vision and inspiration

 Nature as inspiration

 Decentralization from Kathmandu

Social and cultural benefits

• Promote sports and healthy lifestyle and new destination for recreation

• Significant employment and business opportunity

• Creating job opportunity during construction and operation

• Development of new road and settlement and the stadium can be used to host other sports events,
concerts, local festivals/events

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Design Consideration
Social Economic and Cultural Aspects

• spaces including stores, museum, bars, restaurants and cafes that would provide
Average annual precipitation - 2145mm

activity and create a destination for the neighborhood on off- match day as well

• Multiple uses of the stadium complex will come into play as spaces occupied by
stadium user on the match days and become public space on off day.

• Creating public plaza to interact as new destination

• The extra pitch within complex could be used by local youth on daily basis.

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Design Consideration in Planning and Saftey

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Design Concepts

=
Form Development
Element of Inspiration

Development Phase
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 Conceptual Elevation Drawing
Roof inspired
from Immediate
hill view to the
North of site

East Elevation

Final Form

Lotus petal inspired Entry foyers

South Elevation

35
Master Plan with Roof

36
Master Plan

View from Pedestrian Entry

37
Master Plan

38
Master Plan

39
Master Plan

40
Parking
CAR=4200
BIKE=11500
BUS=250 Average annual precipitation - 2145mm
COMMUNITY AND SURROUNDING=500

• FROM CALCULATION IT IS FOUND THAT

56% OF TOTAL SPECTATOR ARE
PEDESTRAIN AND PUBLIC VEHICLE USER,
SO THE SECONDARY ENTRY ARE
PROVIDED WITH 3M WIDE PEDESTRAIN
BOTH SIDE
• Use of digital system

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Lower Basement Parking

Average annual precipitation - 2145mm

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Lower Basement Plan

Average annual precipitation - 2145mm

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Lower Basement Plan

Average annual precipitation - 2145mm

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 North side
Media

Players Dressing

Administration

Control & IT
Restaurant West side East side

Goal-line Bar

Market Place

Local Club
Museum

South side
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
Player and match officials
• Home team
• Away team
 Access to dressing room
• Minimum two dressing
• Double-header football tournaments
 Sanitary facilities
• Immediately adjacent to dressing room
 Access from team area to playing field
• Team area Located on either side of tunnel
• telescopic tunnel extended
 Mix zone
• Connected with dressing room
• Purposed for interview
• No excess to public
• Adequate facilities for media Key Plan
 Flash interview and interview
• Interview with player and coaches
• Interview instant after match
 Referee Room
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GROUND FLOOR PLAN
 Media section
 Working area for photographer
 Working area for media
 IT
 Meeting room
 Locker
 Studio
 Television Studio
Depending on game important additional
seats are required

Key Plan

47
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
Admin Block
• General manager
• Manager Room
• Working area
• Kitchen / Dinning
• Meeting Room

Control and IT Room

Engineers Room

Surveillance Room

Security Room

Server Room
• Should not locate in exterior wall
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GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1. LOC (Local Organization Community
2. Dedicated for event management
3. Restaurant
4. Department store
5. Museum
6. Goal line Bar

49
Entry plan

50
First Floor Plan Second Floor Plan 51
Third Floor Plan Fourth Floor Plan 52
Fifth Floor Plan Seventh Floor Plan 53
 Sky Box
Seventh Floor
Sixth Floor
Fifth Floor
Forth Floor
Third Floor
Second Floor
First Floor
Ground Floor
Upper Basement
Lower Basement

Eight Floor Plan Section 54

Section At X-X

55
 ` COARSE SAND
Section At Y-Y
GRAVEL 3-6 mm
SLIT DRAIN
GEOTEXTILE

56
Design Considerations

57
“C” VALUE CALCUALTION
Tiers Riser Tread
First tier 0.30 m 0.8m
Second tier 0.32 m 0.8m
Third tier 0.36 m 0.8m
Fourth tier 0.45 m 0.9m
Fifth tier 0.51 m 0.9m

TO CALCULATE THE APPROPRIATE “C” VALUE FOR

THE SPORT TO VE VIEWED
C={D(N+R)/(D+T)}-R
The mean value of Riser is adopted in design
which is also seen in Allienze arena and other
stadium.
Fig: Angle of Sight
(www.google.com)

58
“C” value Calculation

Riser=570
Tread=900
Riser=510
Tread=900
Riser=450
Tread=900
Riser=360
Tread=800 Riser=320
Tread=800
Riser=300
Tread=800

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 North side
Staircase Provided
stair width in meter= number of spectators    
Departure time in sec x
         
1.25
Considering a panic evacuation time of 14 minutes (840s)
Assuming width of
stair= 2500            West side East sid
No of staircase in a
building take 20           
                 
Departure No of Width of
Width
time in stair stair Adopted new width
required adopted
SN No. of spectators second Constant required width (m) of stair

1 51,532.00 840 1.25 49.08 20 2.45 2.5 50

                 
Calculation for 3rd and 4th            
South side
spectator of 1st and
  2nd 23,976.00             In case study of allinze arena
2 27,556.00 900 1.25 24.49 16 1.53 2.5 40
evacuation time was 16 min where
                  we have adopted 14 min with all
spectator of 3rd stair if lift and escalator are run we
  and 4th 7,640.00            
can evacuate in 8min in Panic
3 19,916.00 900 1.25 17.70 16 1.11 2.5 40 The stair case @ every 30m
60
60
Optimum View Distance

Stadium Outline

190m
Design Seating

Optimal Distance

Fig:- Optimal View Distance

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Concession Provided
Total area required for concession
services in a close distance
i.e. with in distance of 30m

62
62
Toilet Facility
At every 30m distance toilet facility is
provided for disable, female and
male
Adopted facility male
WC=1:145
Urinal = 84
Adopted facility female
WC=1:107

63
63
 Movement

VIP VEHICULAR MOVEMENT

PLAYER VEHICULAR MOVEMENT VEHICULAR MOVEMENT TO BASEMENT

VEHICULAR MOVEMENT TO SURFACE PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

PARKING

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 Movement ADMINISTRATIVE ENTRY/ EXIT FROM
GROUND FLOOR
PUBLIC ENTRY/ EXIT FROM FIRST FLOOR
EMERGENCY VEHICLE ENTRY/ EXIT

VEHICULAR ENTRY/ EXIT VEHICULAR ENTRY/ EXIT

PLAYER ENTRY/ EXIT FROM GROUND FLOOR PUBLIC ENTRY/ EXIT FROM GROUND AND
FIRST FLOOR
VIP ENTRY/ EXIT FROM GROUND FLOOR

PUBLIC ENTRY/ EXIT FROM FIRST FLOOR

PUBLIC PEDESTRAN ENTRY/ EXIT

65
Basement entry 3d view of stadium

VIP and player Drop Front view from pedestrian entry

66
Bowl Interior 67
Objectives achieved:
 Landmark building: Mega structure for the promotion of sports with 50+ spectator capacity, serves as venue for organizing
different other local events. New venue for international sports events and other events in Nepal
 High-Tec Design: Use of modern and high tech materials such as exposed concrete frame structure with glass curtain wall,
steel frame for supporting roof. Also taking in account, the venue for international events; the structure incorporated
modern facilities for players as well as spectators
 Mass Gathering: Venue not only for the sports events, but also place for different other events such as exhibitions,
concerts, local festive; that includes large gathering of people.
 Security and Evacuation: Calculation of evacuation time; for proper vertical and horizontal mass movement in order to
ensure safety and safely dissipate the mass inside and outside the building
 Creating a Space for Community: New place for entertainment and also as public open space; a necessary element of
urban development in future
 Energy Efficient design: Use of structure’s mega roof for solar harvesting through PV cells and also rain water harvesting for
direct non potable use through out the year
 Developing a socio-economic aspects of community/Nation: New venue, new infrastructure; which means a new step
towards more number of socio-economic activities and opportunity in future.

68
Findings
 The decision on the emergency evacuation model will be more difficult when we want them all to exit at the same time
 The stadium should have enough space for holding and evacuate
 As the time change the demand is other than just a sport where stadiums become interlinked with other attractions in order to become self sustaining
venues in their own right.

 Landmark building: Mega structure for the promotion of sports with 50+ spectator capacity, serves as venue for organizing different other local events. New
venue for international sports events and other events in Nepal
 High-Tec Design: Use of modern and high tech materials such as exposed concrete frame structure with glass curtain wall, steel frame for supporting roof. Also
taking in account, the venue for international events; the structure incorporated modern facilities for players as well as spectators
 Mass Gathering: Venue not only for the sports events, but also place for different other events such as exhibitions, concerts, local festive; that includes large
gathering of people.
 Security and Evacuation: Calculation of evacuation time; for proper vertical and horizontal mass movement in order to ensure safety and safely dissipate the
mass inside and outside the building
 Creating a Space for Community: New place for entertainment and also as public open space; a necessary element of urban development in future
 Energy Efficient design: Use of structure’s mega roof for solar harvesting through PV cells and also rain water harvesting for direct non potable use through
out the year
 Developing a socio-economic aspects of community/Nation: New venue, new infrastructure; which means a new step towards more number of socio-
economic activities and opportunity in future.

69
Recommendations
• The approach road should be made wider

• The southern periphery road of the site is to be vehicle free during match day, due
to safety reason and for easy evacuation of mass, as this area also hold people for
some time, and reduce traffic pressure within highway a once

• Multiple exit route/ road should be developed connecting highway

• Well planned infrastructure should be built, as such facilities could bring haphazard
growth within the city.

70
 Sky Box
Seventh Floor
Sixth Floor
Fifth Floor
Forth Floor
Third Floor
Second Floor
First Floor
Ground Floor
Upper Basement
Lower Basement
Recommendations
Rain water harvesting calculation
Total catchment area of building= 75342 sq.m
As per NBC 208 assembly building required=15lts per person per day
Therefore, total water consumption per day =15*50000
Total demand per day =750000lts
Rain water collection calculation formula and equation
= Catchment area x Precipitation amountx0.8
Taking data of annual mean rainfall at Nawalparashi from website =75342x 2.1*0.8
=126574.5 lts per year
Therefore, in a day we can collect 346.77m3
Assuming average rainfall of 4month in a year
=4x30x346
=41520m3
Therefore, the demand of water can be easily reduce through Rain water harvesting.

72
Recommendations
Solar Energy Calculation
Total PV Cell Area= 32334 sq.m
1 m2 of Solar PV provides (65 W X 5 hrs sunshine) = 0.325 kWh/day
Total energy generated by Solar) = 0.350 X 32334
= 8730kWh/day

80% of assumed direct sunshine hours received= 6980 kWh/day

Total energy generated per year= 2549160 KWh/year

73
Average annual precipitation - 2145mm

74