Scribd
Upload
26 views21 pages

5 - Chapter 6 - 3 Machining Round Shapes 23-1

The document discusses turning operations and lathes. It describes the objectives as characterizing lathes and turning processes, external and internal material removal methods, and cutting tools used. The outline covers turning, boring, drilling, reaming, and tapping. The introduction defines turning, shows miscellaneous operations, and displays lathe components for producing various axisymmetric shapes like straight, conical or curved parts.

Uploaded by

Fatin Johar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views21 pages

5 - Chapter 6 - 3 Machining Round Shapes 23-1

The document discusses turning operations and lathes. It describes the objectives as characterizing lathes and turning processes, external and internal material removal methods, and cutting tools used. The outline covers turning, boring, drilling, reaming, and tapping. The introduction defines turning, shows miscellaneous operations, and displays lathe components for producing various axisymmetric shapes like straight, conical or curved parts.

Uploaded by

Fatin Johar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Chapter Objectives

• Characteristics of lathes and turning operations.


• External and internal material-removal
processes.
• The type of cutting tools used in these
operations.
Chapter Outline

1. Introduction
2. The Turning Process
3. Lathes and Lathe Operations
4. Boring and Boring Machines
5. Drilling, Drills, and Drilling Machines
6. Reaming and Reamers
7. Tapping and Taps
23.1 Introduction
• One of the most basic machining processes is
turning, meaning that the part is rotated while it is
being machined.
• Fig 23.1 shows the miscellaneous cutting
operations that can be performed on a lathe or
other similar machine tools. Note that all parts
are circular—a property known as axisymmetry.
• Table 23.1 shows the characteristics of machining
processes and typical dimensional tolerance.
23.1 Introduction (Fig. 23.1)
23.1 Introduction (Fig. 23.1)
23.1 Introduction (Fig. 23.1)
23.1 Introduction
23.1 Introduction

• Fig 23.2 shows the general view of a typical lathe,


showing various components.
• The lathe machine are very versatile and capable of
producing a wide variety of shapes as outlined below:
1. Turning: to produce straight, conical, curved, or
grooved workpieces. Fig 23.2 shows the general view
of a typical lathe, showing various components.
2. Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the part
and perpendicular to its axis useful for parts that are
assembled with other components.
23.1 Introduction

3. Cutting with form tools: to produce various


axisymmetric shapes for functional or aesthetic
purposes.
4. Boring: to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity
made by a previous process or to produce
circular internal grooves.
5. Drilling: to produce a hole which may be followed
by boring to improve its dimensional accuracy
and surface finish.
23.1 Introduction

6. Parting: also called cutting off, to cut a piece


from the end of a part, as is done in the
production of slugs or blanks for additional
processing into discrete products
7. Threading: to produce external or internal
threads
8. Knurling: to produce a regularly shaped
roughness on cylindrical surfaces, as in making
knobs
23.1 Introduction Fig. 23.2
23.2 Turning
• Table 23.2 shows the general recommendations
for tool angels in turning.
23.2 Turning

Tool geometry
• Fig 23.4 shows the designations for a right-hand
cutting tool. Right-hand means that the tool
travels from right to left.
23.2 Turning
Tool geometry
• Rake angle is important in controlling both the direction
of chip flow and the strength of the tool tip.
• Side rake angle is more important than the back rake
angle, although the latter usually controls the direction
of chip flow.
• Cutting-edge angle affects chip formation, tool
strength, and cutting forces to various degrees.
• Nose radius affects surface finish and tool-tip strength.
The smaller the nose
• radius (sharp tool), the rougher the surface finish of the
workpiece and the lower the strength of the tool.
23.2 Turning

Roughing and finishing cuts


• In machining, the usual procedure is to first
perform one or more roughing cuts at high feed
rates and large depths-of-cut (and therefore high
material-removal rates) but with little
consideration of dimensional tolerance and
surface roughness.
• These cuts then are followed by a finishing cut, at
a lower feed and depth-of-cut in order to produce
a good surface finish.
23.2 Turning

Tools materials, feeds and cutting speeds


• Specific recommendations regarding turning
process parameters for various workpiece
materials and cutting tools are given in Table 23.4
23.2 Turning
23.2 Turning
23.2 Turning
23.2 Turning

Cutting fluids
• Table 23.5 shows the recommendations for
cutting fluids for machining.

You might also like