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Fitting & Joints Design Updated

A lug is a component of a lug joint that has a circular cutout to accept a pin. This allows for transfer of heavy concentrated loads to other members through a tongue and fork arrangement. The lug design must account for types of failures like net section failure, bearing failure, and shear tear out. Design methods include selecting the net section area based on the design ultimate load and using a material strength factor or selecting the area based on a tension efficiency factor determined from lug testing.

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Dadaraj B
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79 views

Fitting & Joints Design Updated

A lug is a component of a lug joint that has a circular cutout to accept a pin. This allows for transfer of heavy concentrated loads to other members through a tongue and fork arrangement. The lug design must account for types of failures like net section failure, bearing failure, and shear tear out. Design methods include selecting the net section area based on the design ultimate load and using a material strength factor or selecting the area based on a tension efficiency factor determined from lug testing.

Uploaded by

Dadaraj B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LUG DESIGN

What is a LUG ?
Lug is the portion of the member of a lug joint which has a circular cutout , in
which a PIN is inserted to transfer a heavy concentrated load to other members of
the lug joint through a tongue and fork arrangement.

Circular cutout

PIN tongue fork

Tongue and fork arrangement with a pin


LUG DESIGN
What is a LUG ?
Lug is the portion of the member of a lug joint which has a circular cutout , in
which a PIN is inserted to transfer a heavy concentrated load to other members of
the lug joint through a tongue and fork arrangement.
LUG DESIGN
What is a LUG ?
Lug is the portion of the member of a lug joint which has a circular cutout , in
which a PIN is inserted to transfer a heavy concentrated load to other members of
the lug joint through a tongue and fork arrangement.

Circular cutout

PIN tongue fork

Tongue and fork arrangement with a pin


Number of bearing areas in a LUG ?
• Two bearing Lugs
• Three bearing lugs
• Four bearing Lugs

Two bearing Lug Three bearing lug


What are the types of LUG failures?
1. Net section failure
2. Bearing failure
3. Shear tear out
Bearing failure

Net section failure Shear tear out


Methods of Design
Method 1:
Methods of Design
Method 1:

Net section tension failure

DUL
DUL
Methods of Design
Method 1:

Pu(Tension) = DUL Anet = (2R-D)t = DUL/Ftu


In this method we are selecting Anet Such that the lug will have a net section failure at DUL
(If a failure load test is carried out on this lug)
Methods of Design
Method 1:

If this lug is tested it will fail at a load less than DUL


The reason for this is the presence of a stress concentration in the net section area
Such a design will under predict the actual failure load

For Example If DUL = 100 kg and we select the net-section area


based on Ftu (Anet = DUL / Ftu ) and test the lug it will fail at a load
Less than DUL ( For example say at 80 kg)
With this understanding the Design based on method 1 uses a M.S of 25%
Increasing the M.S to 25% means increasing the DUL by 25%.
efficiency
efficiency
Comparison of design process in Method-1 and Method-2

Pf = DUL = Ftu * Anet with M.S = 25%..........................................Method -1


this is equivalent to

Pf = 1.25*DUL = Ftu * Anet with M.S = 0 ( a small positive value )

Pf = DUL = Kt* Ftu * Anet with M.S = 0 ( a small positive value )…… Method-2

Where Kt is Tensile efficiency factor ( which has been established through


Lug testing and given fig. D1.12 )
Stress Concentration factor / Tension Efficiency factor

CURVE 1

CURVE 4
Stress Concentration factor / Tension Efficiency factor

The effect of stress concentration in


reducing the failure load is taken care
by using tension efficiency factor.

Pf  K t   ult  Anet
Pf
 allowable 
Anet
Pf  K t   ult  Anet

 allowable  Kt   ult
 Allowable Allowable – Average stress at the time of failure
Kt 
 Ultimate
Ult- Average stress at failure of the material
Wing Fuselage
Connector
Wing Fuselage Connector
Wing Front Spar Lug Joint
Jet engine pylon attachment bracket
Pylon
Wing Aileron Bracket
HT VT Attachment
HT VT Attachment
Landing Gear

Airbus A350 XWB


Landing Gear

Boeing 737
Landing Gear
A350 XWB LANDING GEAR JOINT Nose Landing gear

Landing Gear
Pf 1  Ftu * Anet  DUL
Pf
M .S  1
P
DUL
Pf
 1.25
DUL
Pf  DUL *1.25
Pf 2  Ftu * Anet 2  1.25 DUL
Anet 2  1.25 Anet 1
600mm

800mm

50mm

400mm

300mm

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