Political Globalization

Pol Globalization
 Political globalisation refers to the process of increasing
interdependence and interconnectedness of politics and
governance at the global level.
 It involves the creation and strengthening of international
institutions, agreements, and organizations that aim to
address global issues and challenges, such as climate
change, economic inequality, and security threats.
 Pol Globalization
 Political globalisation has been facilitated by
advancements in communication technology and
transportation, which have made it easier for people and
ideas to move across borders.
 It has also been driven by the growth of multinational
corporations, which have become major players in global
politics and have influenced the policies of national
governments.
 Pol Globalization
 Political globalisation has both positive and negative effects.
 On the positive side, it has facilitated the spread of democratic
values and institutions, increased cooperation among nations,
and enabled countries to address global problems that require
collective action.
 On the negative side, it has led to increased inequality between
countries and within countries, and has sometimes undermined
national sovereignty and democratic governance.
 Principles of Pol Globalization
 Interdependence: Political globalisation is based on the recognition
that no country can address global challenges on its own, and that
all countries are interconnected and interdependent. This requires a
willingness to work together to address global issues and challenges.
 Cooperation: Political globalisation is based on the principle of
cooperation, which involves working together to achieve common
goals and objectives. This requires countries to set aside their
national interests and to work towards shared objectives that benefit
all nations and peoples.
 Principles of Pol Globalization
 Multilateralism: It is based on principle of multilateralism, which
involves the participation of multiple countries in the development
and implementation of global policies and regulations. This requires
creation and strengthening of IOs, agreements, and institutions that
promote cooperation and collaboration among nations.
 Democratic accountability: It is based on principle of democratic
accountability, which requires global governance structures to be
transparent, inclusive, and accountable to all nations and peoples.
This requires the participation and representation of all nations and
peoples in the decision-making processes that affect them.
 Principles of Pol Globalization
 Human rights: Political globalisation is based on the
recognition that human rights are universal and that all
nations and peoples are entitled to them. This requires
the promotion and protection of human rights at the
global level, and the creation of policies and regulations
that ensure the dignity and well-being of all individuals.
 Features of Political Globalisation
 Emergence of global governance: Political globalization has led to the
emergence of new forms of governance and institutions at the global
level, such as the UNO and the WTO. These institutions provide a
platform for global cooperation and coordination, and play an
important role in shaping international norms and standards.
 Growing importance of transnational issues: Political globalization has
highlighted the importance of transnational issues, as climate change,
global health, and migration. These issues require coordinated action
at the global level, and have the potential to reshape the international
system in significant ways.
 Features of Political Globalisation
 Increased influence of non-state actors: Political globalization has led to
the increasing influence of non-state actors, such as non-governmental
organizations, social movements, and multinational corporations. These
actors can play an important role in shaping global politics and policy, and
can provide a counterbalance to the power of nation-states and intl orgs.
 Expansion of human rights and democracy: Political globalization has led
to the expansion of human rights and democracy, as international norms
and standards are increasingly recognized and implemented. This has led
to greater protection for vulnerable populations, and has provided a
framework for promoting peace, justice, and equality at the global level.
 Features of Political Globalisation
 Challenges to national sovereignty: Political globalization
has challenged the traditional boundaries and authority of
the nation-state, and has raised questions about the
ability of nation-states to regulate their own economies
and protect their citizens. This has led to debates about
the future of national sovereignty and the role of the state
in a globalizing world.
 Actors of Pol Globalization
 Nation-states: Nation-states are the traditional actors in the
international system and play a significant role in shaping global
policies and regulations. They participate in international
organizations, agreements, and institutions, and negotiate with other
nations to advance their interests and priorities.
 International organizations: IOs, such as the United Nations, World
Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization,
are important actors in global governance structures. They play a key
role in setting global policies and regulations and facilitating
cooperation and collaboration among nations.
 Actors of Pol Globalization
 Non-governmental organizations (NGOs): NGOs are non-profit organizations
that operate independently of governments and are involved in a range of
activities related to global governance, including advocacy, research, and
the provision of services. They often play a significant role in shaping global
policies and regulations, and can exert significant political influence.
 Transnational corporations (TNCs): TNCs are large corporations that
operate in multiple countries and are often involved in the production and
distribution of goods and services on a global scale. They can exert
significant political influence and often play a key role in shaping global
policies and regulations.
 Actors of Pol Globalization
 Civil society groups: Civil society groups include a diverse range of
individuals and organizations, such as labor unions, faith-based
organizations, and social movements. They are often involved in
advocacy and activism related to global governance, and can play an
important role in shaping global policies and regulations.
 The actors of political globalisation are diverse and include a range of
individuals and groups whose involvement reflects growing recognition
that global challenges require collective action and cooperation among
nations, as well as the importance of ensuring that all nations and
peoples have a voice in shaping the policies that affect them.
 Modern Nation States
 Modern nation-states are political entities that emerged in
the 19th century and are characterized by a sovereign
territory, a centralized government, and a sense of
national identity.
 They are defined by the boundaries of their territory and
the authority of their government over that territory, and
are recognized as independent entities by other nation-
states.
 Modern Nation States
 Concept of the nation-state has come under increasing
scrutiny in recent years, as globalization and other factors
have eroded the idea of the nation-state as a closed, self-
contained entity.
 Many contemporary challenges, like climate change,
terrorism, and economic inequality, require global
cooperation and collective action, and have challenged
the traditional boundaries and authority of nation-state.
How Political Globalisation Effects Sovereignty
of Nation States
 Shift in power: Political globalization has led to a shift in power away
from nation-states towards international organizations and non-state
actors. International organizations such as the UNO and the WTO
have the power to make and enforce rules that can override the
policies of individual nation-states.
 Transnational issues: Many issues that have become prominent in the
global political agenda are transnational in nature, such as climate
change, terrorism, and migration. These issues cannot be effectively
addressed by individual nation-states alone, and require international
cooperation and coordination.
How Political Globalisation Effects Sovereignty
of Nation States
 International law: International law has become increasingly
influential in shaping the actions of nation-states. International
treaties and agreements, such as the Paris Agreement on climate
change and the International Criminal Court, can limit the ability of
individual states to act unilaterally.
 Multinational corporations: Multinational corporations have grown in
size and power, and can often operate outside the control of
individual nation-states. This can limit the ability of nation-states to
regulate economic activity and protect the interests of their citizens.