Basics of Internet

Introduction

 Over the past century and a half, important technological developments have
created a global environment that is drawing the people of the world closer
and closer together.

 Currently, we are in the information Age, where magnifying the computation

power is an essential Goal.
Computer Network

 LAN
Computer Network

 WAN
Computer Network

 Allow us to generate exchange, share and manipulate information in an

uncountable number of ways.
What is the Internet?

 Internet is a specific interconnected network that connects computers all

over the world using a common set of interconnection standards or
protocols.
Connecting to a Network Vs
Communicating over a network
 When Connect to the Internet requires special
hardware such as:

 Modem – short for modulator / demodulator -

which connects computers using a standard
telephone line

 Network interface card (NIC) – which connects

computers using a special type of network
cabling.
 Hardware and Software

Cable Network Card Broadband Router

Router Wireless Network Adapter

src: http://resources.hkedcity.net/resource_detail.php?rid=273116403
 World Wide Web

 The World Wide Web (web for short or www) is a collection

of interlinked multimedia documents that are stored on the
Internet and accessed using a common protocol (HTTP).

 So, what is the relation between the internet and the World
Wide Web?
 World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet based software application.

 Other Internet applications are: 

 Email
 ftp (file transfer protocol)
 Messenger
Domain Name Addressing

 Each computer on the Web is given a unique identification number called

Internet Protocol Address or (IP).

 Remembering IP addresses are hard to remember

 IP address may also be assigned a host or domain name.
 Domain Name Addressing

 Domain name are unique name associated with specific IP address by a program
that runs on an Internet host computer.

 This program is called DNS (Domain Name System ) software.

 Domain Name Software or (DNS) is an Internet service that translates domain

names into IP addresses.
Domain Name Addressing

 Every time you use a domain name, a DNS

service must translate the name into the
corresponding IP address.

 For example, the domain name

www.example.com might translate to
198.105.232.4.

 The host computer that runs the DNS service or

software is called Domain name server or DNS
server.
Domain Name Addressing

 The last part of domain name is called its top-level domain (TLD).
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

 ISP is a company that offers its customer access

to the Internet.
 The ISP connects to its customers using a data
transmission technology appropriate for
delivering Internet Protocol datagrams 
 dial-up
 DSL
 cable modem
 wireless 
 dedicated high-speed interconnects.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

 ISPs charge persons for a fee and provide the following services:
 Adding your computer to the ISP’s network, allowing you to communicate with
other computers on the Internet
 Giving your computer an IP address, allowing other computers on the Internet to
communicate with you
 Providing you access to a DNS server.
 The Structure of the Internet

 To understand how to get an IP address from a URL, we need to understand the

basic structure of the Internet.

root

com org net edu

bellsouth yahoo w3c hypercon kctcs uky

www www mail www

 Who Structuring the Internet?

 Networks from corporations, commercial firms, and other companies

 Telephone companies
 Cable companies
 Satellite companies
 Government
who is controlling the internet?

 generally speaking there is no single entity controls or owns the Internet.

 The Internet is a public, cooperative, and independent network.

 Surfacing the website

ISP is BellSouth (www.bellsouth.com

If you try to reach www.kctcs.edu
More on Browsers

 The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has tried to establish standards for
HTML that all browsers should support.

 A good web page designer will test his or her page in several browsers
before publishing it.
Main Elements of Web Browsers
 Main Elements of Web Browsers

History
Search Engines

 Allows the user to type in a word or phrase to search for, then returns results
that it determines most closely match the user’s request.
 The user’s request is called a query. Each individual result is called a hit.
 Some popular search engines are Yahoo, Google and AltaVista
Email

 To send and receive email, you need an email account.

 An email address of the form [email protected].

 Mail storage where your incoming messages are stored. (ISP “10M”- and
web mails “2G”)
Concept of Email
Creating an Email Account
Here the password entered
was: 123456
Using an E-mail Account
To create a new email, click on “Compose”
 The folders/labels that contain your emails.

The “Inbox” is selected, so the incoming emails are displayed on the screen.
(1), is number of unread emails in your Inbox.

“Starred”, are the important emails that you have marked them with a star.

“Sent Mail”, the emails that you have sent to others.

Click on “More “Draft”, the emails that you created and saved, but not sent yet.
Labels”, to
display extra
labels.

“Spam”, Contains the spam e-mails, described earlier.

“Trash”, contains the deleted emails from other labels.

Acts similar to Recycle Bin in Windows.
To open an email, click on it.
 You can print the email from here.

The subject of the email.

The email address of the sender.

Time of the email arrival.
The email is received by the account owner.

This is an opened
email.
This arrow will open an options-list.
 Click on “Compose” to open the “New Message” window.

Minimize

Full Screen

The subject of your email. Save and Close

Creating Hint: Try to make it clear and
describe the purpose of your
A new email.

Message Here add the email

addresses of the recipients
of your email.

This area is used to write the body of your email.

Click on “Send” to send the

email to the recipients.
 The main icons in New Message Toolbar

Attach Files Insert

emoji
More Options

Formatting
Insert
Options
Photos Discard Draft (Delete)
The email is automatically saved.
 Click on the email to re-open it, edit it,
If the email is saved without sending, it and then send it.
will be added into the “Drafts” label until
you decide to send it.

Once the email is sent, it will be moved into “Sent Mail” label.
 The email has arrived to the recipient inbox. Click to open it.

This is the email address that has sent this email.

This area is used to send a reply to the sender. By pressing “Reply”

This is the email sent from your account

Click on this arrow, to display the message details.

Message Details
 Message Recipients

To: The main recipients of your email should be

placed here. Cc: Other recipients of your email, that
you need to send a copy to inform them of
These are the ones that should receive the what is happening.
message and do something about it.
Example: Other team members.
Example: A team colleague in a Project.

Bcc: Other recipients that you want to

send them your email, but without the
knowledge of other recipients.

Example: Your Manager.

An example of an email to multiple recipients.

The details of
the sent
message.
The email at the recipient side, the BCC part is not
displayed.
When you receive a message, you can reply back or forward it to other people.
Reply More Options

We use
“Reply” to
send a
response to
the original
sender only.

We use “Reply
to all” to send We use
a response to “Forward” to
the original re-send the
sender along received email
with the people to people other
in the CC than the
section. sender.
Reply

The replied email will be sent to the

original sender.
Reply to all

The replied email will be sent to the original sender and

the contacts enclosed in CC section.
Forward

The forwarded email will have an empty “To” section, so

that you can write new recipients.

The details of the original message.

 Deleting a Message

To delete a message you have to check it first, then press the delete icon displayed.
Then the following message will appear.

The message will be moved to the “Trash” folder. Where you can delete it
permanently by pressing the “Trash” button next to it.
 Restoring a deleted message

You can restore a deleted message from Trash, by checking it, then from “Move to”
list, select the folder you want to move it to. For example, select the Inbox, and the
message will be returned back there.
Attachments
To attach a file into an email message:
1. compose a new message,
2. click on the “Attach file” icon.
3. An Open dialogue will be displayed,
where you can select the file you need
to attach.
 Attachments

The attached file will appear

at the end of the email.
Of course, you can use the
same icon to attach more
files into you email.

Any email sent or received

with attachment, this sign will
appear next to it.
 Attachments

When you open an email with

attachment, the attached file will be
displayed in this way.

To download the attached file, click on

the download icon.

When “Download” is clicked, the file will be either automatically downloaded

into “Downloads” folder on your PC, or a “Save as” dialogue will be opened
to help you select the location for the file.
 Starred E-mail

You can star an email message, by clicking on the start next to an email, and make it yellow. This
will move the email to “Starred” folder. You can star any email that you find important or you need to
return back to it, so that you can find it easily later on.
 Create a New Label
From the side menu, click on “Create a new label”.

Labels are used to organize your emails according to the sender

or the topic.

After creating a label, you can move messages to it, from the
“Move to” icon.

Click on “Create new label”, and this screen will

appear.

Write the name of the new label here, then

click “Create”
 Create a New Label

The newly created label will be displayed now

on the side menu. Click on it, and check that it
still has no emails in it.
Move messages to a label

Check on a message, and from

“Move to” list, select the desired
label.

Then the email will be moved to the

selected destination.
Create a Sub label
Click “Create new label”, enter the
name of the new label, and check
“Nest label under:”.

From this list, select the parent of the

new label.

And then press “Create”.

The Parent and Child labels will

appear in the side menu.

You can also move messages

directly to the child label.
Manage Labels
You can apply changes on created labels by selecting
“Manage Labels” from the side menu.

For the system labels, such as

Inbox, Sent Mail, …etc; you can
only either show of hide them.
But no deleting or editing is
allowed.
 Manage Labels

For the labels you created, you can

show, hid, remove and edit.

When you click “remove”, a warning message will

appear to make sure of your decision.

When you click “edit”, an “Edit label” dialogue will

be opened to help you to change the label name
and wither it is a nested label or not.
 Formatting Toolbar in a Message

If the toolbar is not displayed,

click here to display it.

This list displays the sizes of font

you need to use. You can
change to a smaller or larger
size as desired.

This list displays all available

fonts in your PC, so that you can
change the type of font you are
using.
Formatting Toolbar in a Message

These icons change the style of

the font (bold, italic and
underlined)

This icon displays color palette,

to change the color of the text
itself, or the message
background.
Check Spelling

When you write words

that contain spelling
errors, red wavy line will
appear under them.

To fix the spelling

mistakes, right-click on
the wrongly written word,
and this menu will show
the suggested correct
words that you can
choose among them.
Check Spelling

Another way to check the spelling, is

from the “More Options” icon, select
“Check spelling”. All wrong spelled
words will be highlighted with yellow.
Check Spelling
Sometimes, you may use words that don’t actually
have meaning in English, like names for example.
The spell checker will consider them wrong.

When right-clicking on such names, it will give you

wrong suggestions. So, you can choose “Add to
dictionary”, so that these words will be added to your
dictionary, and you can re-use them again without
considering them wrong.

After adding the word “Eman” to the dictionary, it is

not wrong anymore, no red wavy line under it.
Search Email

This textbox is used to enter any text you want to

search for in your emails. Either in the email
addresses, the subjects or in the message body.

Write a text in this textbox, and results will start

appearing in a list, where you can select any of
them.
 Contacts
From the side list, select “Contacts” to view your contacts
(the people you are sending and receiving email from).

When clicking on it, this screen will be displayed. To add a

new contact, click on this icon.
 Add A Contact
When clicking on “New Contact” this
dialogue will appear to fill the information
about your contact.
 Add A Contact
Fill the information of your contacts. Then
press “Add”.
 Edit a Contact

This is how your contact list will

appear.

Click on any of them to edit the

information.

To delete a contact, check it first,

and from “More” list, select “Delete
Contact”.
 Create a Group of Contacts
To create a new group, click on
“New Group”. Then this dialog will
appear.

Write the name

of the group you
want to create,
then press OK.
 Adding contacts to a group

To add contacts to a group, Note that this group doesn’t

check the contacts, then have contacts yet.
from “Groups” icon, select
the desired group, then
press “Apply”.
Adding contacts to a group

Now, Friends group has two contacts in it.

Sending a message to a contact or a
group of contacts.
When you start writing
the name of a group in
“To” section in a
message, the group will
be displayed directly.
Click on it, and the
contacts in this group will
be added directly to the
section.

The same applies when

starting writing a name of
a saved contact, you
don’t have to write the
full email address.