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Anaphylaxis

This document discusses anaphylactic shock in dental offices. It defines anaphylaxis as a life-threatening allergic reaction and outlines its mechanisms and symptoms. Common causes of anaphylactic shock in dental clinics include antibiotics, chlorhexidine, anesthesia, and latex. The document provides guidance on properly managing anaphylactic shock if it occurs, including administering epinephrine injections and calling emergency services. Adrenaline is highlighted as the most important treatment to reverse the reaction.

Uploaded by

Thaer Zaben
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2K views

Anaphylaxis

This document discusses anaphylactic shock in dental offices. It defines anaphylaxis as a life-threatening allergic reaction and outlines its mechanisms and symptoms. Common causes of anaphylactic shock in dental clinics include antibiotics, chlorhexidine, anesthesia, and latex. The document provides guidance on properly managing anaphylactic shock if it occurs, including administering epinephrine injections and calling emergency services. Adrenaline is highlighted as the most important treatment to reverse the reaction.

Uploaded by

Thaer Zaben
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Anaphylactic shock in

dental office

Done by: Liana Bahaa Abu Al-Rob


Supervisor’s name: Dr. Mohammad Shalabi
Outline:

• What is the anaphylactic shock.


• Mechanism of anaphylactic reaction.
• Signs and symptoms.
• Causes of anaphylactic shock in dental
clinic.
• Mistaken diagnosis.
• Management if happened in dental clinic.
Definition:

• Anaphylaxis: is an acute , life-threatening and generalized


allergic reaction.
• Type 1 hypersensitivity.
• Detailed history should be taken.
• If not treated immediately are total obstruction of the airway will
happened due to tissue swelling and circulatory collapse.
Mechanism of anaphylactic reaction:

Leak to blood stream and affect multiple organ.


smooth muscle contraction
• Bronchi. vasodilation
increase permeability.

• Gastro-intestinal tract. increase blood vessel


diameter.
increase blood flow and
decrease
Signs and symptoms
Quick developing:
• skin changes (itching ,redness and angioedema).
• swallowing and breathing difficulty.
• nausea and vomiting.
• tachycardia and tachypnea.
• hypotension may be lead to loss of
consciousness.
Causes of anaphylactic shock in dental clinic.

• Antibiotics
• Chlorohexidine
• Anesthesia
• Latex
1) Antibiotics:

• most likely to cause anaphylaxis.


• the most common one is penicillin.

2) Chlorohexidine
• effective anti-septic in dentistry.
• present in most mouthwashes , toothpaste
and dental implants
• anaphylaxis to chlorohexidine has been
• increasingly reported worldwide.
3) local anesthesia

• very rare in case of amides.


• the least allergic amide LA agents are mepivacine and plain prilocaine.
• it is mainly due to the preservative component in epinephrine
containing anesthesia (sodium bisulfate).
• most common in esters.
because they are metabolized into para-aminobenzoic acid which is an
allergic compound.
4) Latex allergy

• increasingly common nowadays.

• Spina bifda patients (67% chance of latex allergy).


• patients- existing allergy to elastoplast, banana, or avocade.
• Asthma patients -severe reactions.
• So, using latex-free products whenever possible
• Mistaken diagnosis:

The absence of a rash ,


tachycardia and dyspnea
helps to exclude
anaphylaxis.
Management:

• Stop dental treatment.


• Remove or stop administration of allergen.
• Lie the patient flat with slightly elevated legs.
• Give an intramuscular injection of adrenaline.
• Call emergency.
• Give supplemental O2 and airway support if needed.
• Check ABC.
• Be prepared to CPR (30 compressions to 2 breathes).
• Repeat adrenaline every 5 minutes until patient responds or
emergency service arrive.
Adrenaline:

• most important drug in anaphylaxis


• A study of the UK registry - 40% of all deaths due to
anaphylaxis, because adrenaline had not been administrated.
• actions of adrenaline:
• reverse peripheral vasodilation
• reduces the edema
• dilates the airway (bronchodilation)
• increases myocardial contractility
• suppresses histamine and leukotriene release
Dose of adrenaline: IM .3 mg / 1:1000 into the anteriolateral thigh.
Thank you .

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