Rolling Contact Bearings

Rolling Contact Bearings – load is

transferred through rolling elements such as
balls, straight and tapered cylinders and
spherical rollers.

Journal (sleeve) Bearings – load is

transferred through a thin film of lubricant
(oil).
Rolling Bearing Vs Journal Bearings
 Bearings
Rolling Contact Bearings
Load is transferred through elements in rolling contact rather than
sliding contact.
 Rolling Contact Bearings
1. Ball bearings
• Deep groove (Conrad) bearing
• Filling notch ball bearing or maximum capacity bearing
• Angular contact bearings (AC)

2. Roller bearings
• Cylindrical bearings
• Needle bearings
• Tapered bearings
• Spherical bearings
3. Thrust bearings
 Ball Bearing: Outer race

• Ball Bearing
– Incorporates hardened steel
balls
– Steel balls geometrically
contact inner and outer race at
a point
– This creates high stresses
locally

balls
seals
cage Inner race
Parts of a ball bearing

6
 Ball Bearings
How to Assemble
-Inner race press fit
onto shaft shoulder
-Assembly slides
into housing
between outer race
and housing
 Ball Bearings

1. Deep groove (Conrad) bearing

• Load capacity is limited by the

number of balls
• Primarily designed to support radial loads, the
thrust capacity is about 70% of radial load
capacity
 Types of Ball Bearings
• Double Deep Groove-----Increases radial load
 Ball Bearings
2. Filling notch or maximum capacity ball bearings
Bearings have the same basic radial construction as Conrad type.
However, a filling notch (loading groove) permits more balls to be
used.

Notch

• Radial load capacity is 20 – 40% higher than Conrad type

• Thrust load capacity drops to 20% (2 directions) of radial load
capacity.
 Ball Bearings
3. Angular contact bearings (AC)
The centerline of contact between the balls and the raceway is
at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

Extra support
in the back

Direction
of thrust

• Used for high radial and thrust load applications

 Types of Ball Bearings
• Angular contact ball bearing
– Increased thrust load due to increase in lateral
contact area between ball and race

www.hz-bearing.com
 Self aligning ball bearings
• A self-aligning bearings permit shaft deflections within 2-3
degrees.
• If the unit is assembled with shaft misalignment present,
then the bearing will be subjected to a load that may be in
excess of the design value and premature failure may occur.
• two types of self-aligning bearings :
• (a) Externally self-aligning bearing, and (b)
Internally self-aligning bearing.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. 13

Self aligning ball bearing

Mechanical Engineering Dept. 14

 Types of Ball Bearings

• Thrust Bearings
– Used in applications with
significant thrust load

http://kianho.com
 Roller Bearings
Roller bearings have higher load capacity than ball bearings, load is
transmitted through line contact instead of point contact.

Straight cylindrical roller Needle type

 Roller Bearings
Tapered bearings
Designed to withstand high radial loads, high thrust loads, and
combined loads at moderate to high speeds. They can also withstand
repeated shock loads.
 Roller Bearings
Spherical bearings
Bearing design uses barrel shaped rollers. Spherical roller bearings
combine very high radial load capacity with modest thrust load capacity
and excellent tolerance to misalignment.
 Thrust Bearings
Ball thrust bearing Roller thrust bearing
 Roller Thrust Bearings
Spherical Thrust Bearings

Cylindrical
Thrust
Bearings

Tapered Thrust
Bearings
 Bearing Life
Life – number of revolution or hours of operation, at
constant speed, required for the failure criterion to develop.
Rating Life – defines the number of revolution or hours of
operation, at constant speed, in such a way that90% of the bearings
tested (from the same group) will complete or exceed before the first
evidence of failure develops. This is known as L10 life.

Basic Dynamic Load Rating, C – constant radial load that a

group of bearings can carry for L10 life.
 Design Considerations
Bearings are selected from catalogs, before referring to
catalogs you should know the followings:
• Bearing load – radial, thrust (axial) or both

Thrust load

Radial load Radial load

• Bearing life and reliability

• Bearing speed (rpm)
• Space limitation
• Accuracy
 Equivalent Radial Load
Bearings are usually operated with some
combination of radial and thrust load.

Catalog ratings are based only on radial

loads.

Follow the guideline in catalogs to obtain

the equivalent radial load.
 Equivalent Radial Load

P = X V Fr + Y F a
P = equivalent load

Fr = applied radial load (constant)

F a = applied thrust load (constant)

Specified by X = radial factor

bearing Y = thrust factor
manufacturer V = rotational factor
 Types of Ball Bearings
• Super precision ball
bearings
– Nearly perfect spheres
– High surface finish
• Applications
– High speed grinding,
milling, boring, routing
– No Vibration!!
• Ceramics
– Hard
www.timken.com
– No deformation
 Roller Bearings
• Roller Bearings
– Hardened steel cylindrical rollers
– Line contact deforms into areas larger then ball
bearings
– Capable of carrying higher radial loads
 Types of Roller Bearings

• Needle Bearings
– 4 joint machine
applications
– As the number of rollers
goes up the greater the
contact area
– The greater the contact
area the greater the load

www.clworldwide.com
 Types of Roller Bearings

• Spherical Roller Bearings

– Centers inner race about shaft
to avoid binding

www.dclcorp.co.kr/image/Nachi3.jpg
 Types of Roller Bearings

• Tapered Roller Bearing

– Support high thrust loads
(wheel bearing)
– Supports radial load (car
weight) while supporting
thrust loads (cornering)
– Wheel rotates with little
resistance/friction

www.ahrinternational.com
 Other Types of Bearings
• Thompson linear
bearings
• Sliding Bearings
– No rolling elements
– Sleeve over shaft where
sleeve acts like bearing
(Generally higher
friction)
– Bronze good material
due to coefficient of
friction, porosity and
wear resistance
 Other Types of Bearings
• Self Lubricating
Bearings
– Low Friction
– No lubrication needed
www.garlockbearings.com

Elastomeric Bearings

http://www.polygoncompany.com/ http://www.polygoncompany.com/
Bearing Series
 Selection of Bearings
k
Load-Life Relationship: L2  P1 

 P 
L1  2 

P1 = load 1, L1 = life at load 1,

k = 3.00 for ball bearings

k = 3.333 for roller bearings
 Life in revolutions L = 60 * N * LH
LH Life in hours, N-rpm
C - Dynamic Load rating
When the bearing subjected to variable loads
P1,P2,P3…….etc.,for successive no. of revolutions n1,
n2, n3…..etc k
k
C  6 n1  P1  1
L1   P   10  n1 *   6
 1 L1  C  10
n1 n2
  .....  1
L1 L2
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 34
 Bearings Selection
Most manufacturers specify basic
k
L2  P1  dynamic load rating, C, which is the

P   load that results in 106 cycles. So, this
L1  2  equation can be rewritten as:

k
 C  6 = Design Life for your specific
Ld 
P  10 application for a design load of Pd
 d 

1/ k
 Ld  = Required dynamic load
C  Pd  6  rating for a design life = Ld
 10 
Note, these are all L10 lives!!! Which is the life for 90% reliability