BST151-BUILDING

SERVICES I

TOPIC 4:
FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEM 4.2 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE
CONTEN
TS
01 Introduction

02 Active Fire Fighting System

03 Passive Fire Fighting System

 INTRODUCT
ION
TO FIRE
FIGHTING
Fire protection systems in Malaysia are essential for protecting lives and
property from the devastating effects of fires. The legal framework for fire
SYSTEM
protection systems in Malaysia is established by the Fire Services Act
1988 and the Fire Services Regulations 2013. These regulations establish
the requirements for fire protection systems, including design, installation,
and maintenance.
 Active firefighting systems are critical in protecting lives
and property from the destructive effects of fire. These
systems are designed to suppress or extinguish fires
through the use of water, foam, or other fire suppression
agents. In Malaysia, active firefighting systems are
regulated by the Fire Services Act 1988 and the Fire
Services Regulations 2013.

TYPES:
ACTIVE
01
02
Fire Sprinkler System
Fire Hydrant System FIRE
03 Fire Extinguishers
04
05
Fire Supression System
Fire Alarm System
FIGHTING
 FIRE SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
Fire sprinkler systems are designed to quickly detect and suppress fires by
spraying water or other fire suppression agents over the affected area. These
systems are usually automated, with the sprinklers activating when they detect
heat or smoke.The following are the most common types of sprinklers used for fire
fighting in Malaysia:
• Wet Pipe Sprinklers: These systems are designed to quickly suppress fires by
automatically discharging water when the sprinkler head is exposed to high
temperatures. Wet pipe sprinklers are reliable and easy to maintain, but they
are not suitable for use in environments where freezing temperatures are
possible.
• Dry Pipe Sprinklers: Dry pipe sprinklers are designed for use in environments
where freezing temperatures are possible. These systems use compressed air
to hold water back until the sprinkler head is exposed to high temperatures.
Once the sprinkler head is activated, the compressed air is released, and water
is discharged to suppress the fire.
• Deluge Sprinklers: Deluge sprinklers are designed for use in high hazard
environments, such as chemical storage facilities or power plants. These
systems discharge large quantities of water over a wide area when triggered,
rather than using individual sprinkler heads.
FIRE HYDRANT
SYSTEM
Fire hydrant systems provide a ready supply of water to firefighters
for firefighting operations. These systems consist of an underground
water storage tank, pumps, pipes, and fire hydrants located
throughout the building or property.

In Malaysia, fire hydrant systems are regulated by the Fire Services

Act 1988 and the Fire Services Regulations 2013. These regulations
require that fire hydrant systems be designed, installed, and
maintained in accordance with recognized standards, such as the
Malaysian Standard MS 1228.

Regular maintenance and testing of fire hydrant systems are critical

to ensure that they are functioning properly when needed. In
Malaysia, fire hydrant systems must be inspected and tested at least
once a year to ensure that they are in good working condition.
FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Fire extinguishers are portable devices that can be used to
extinguish small fires before they can spread. In Malaysia, fire
extinguishers are required in all buildings, and must be installed
and maintained in accordance with the Malaysian Standard MS
1539.
FIRE SUPPRESSION
SYSTEM
A fire suppression system is a type of active fire protection system that uses various
methods to suppress or extinguish fires. In Malaysia, fire suppression systems are
regulated by the Fire Services Act 1988 and the Fire Services Regulations
2013.There are several types of fire suppression systems used in Malaysia,
including:

• Sprinkler Systems: Sprinkler systems are the most common type of fire
suppression system used in Malaysia. They work by spraying water on the fire
to extinguish it or to control its spread.
• Foam Systems: Foam systems use foam to smother the fire and prevent it from
spreading. Used in areas where flammable liquids or gases are stored, such as
in chemical plants or fuel storage facilities.
• C0 Systems: Carbon dioxide systems work by flooding the affected area with
carbon dioxide gas. Used in server rooms, electrical rooms, and other areas
where water could damage equipment.
• Clean Agent Systems: Clean agent systems use special gases or chemicals to
extinguish fires. Used in areas where water could damage sensitive equipment.
• Wet Chemical Systems: Wet chemical systems are designed to extinguish fires
involving cooking oils and fats. The wet chemical reacts with the oil or fat to
form a soapy foam that extinguishes the fire.
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
A fire alarm system is an active fire protection system that detects and alerts
people in the building of a potential fire. In Malaysia, fire alarm systems are
regulated by the Fire Services Act 1988 and the Fire Services Regulations
2013.Fire alarm systems in Malaysia typically consist of the following
components:

• Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP): The FACP is the central component of the
fire alarm system. It receives signals from detectors and other devices and
activates the alarm system if a fire is detected.
• Smoke Detectors: Smoke detectors are the most common type of detector
used in fire alarm systems. They detect smoke particles in the air and trigger
the alarm system if a certain threshold is reached.
• Heat Detectors: Heat detectors are used in areas where smoke detectors may
not be suitable, such as in kitchens or areas with high levels of dust or steam.
They detect changes in temperature and trigger the alarm system if a certain
threshold is reached.
• Manual Call Points: Manual call points are used to manually activate the
alarm system in the event of a fire. They are typically located near exits and
in other easily accessible locations.
• Alarm Devices: Alarm devices include bells, horns, and strobe lights that are
used to alert people in the building of a potential fire.
 Passive fire protection systems are designed to contain and
slow the spread of fires by preventing the movement of heat,
smoke, and flames through the building structure. These
systems include fire-resistant walls, floors, and ceilings, as
well as fire doors, fire dampers, and fire-resistant glass. In
Malaysia, passive fire protection systems are regulated by
the Fire Services Act 1988 and the Fire Services Regulations
2013.

TYPES:
PASSIVE
01
02
Fire Resistant Wall
Fire Resistant Floor and FIRE
03 Fire Doors
Ceiling
04
05
Fire Dampers
Fire Resistant Glass
FIGHTING
 FIRE RESISTANT
WALL
Fire-resistant walls are an important passive fire protection measure used in
buildings to prevent the spread of fire and smoke between compartments. In
Malaysia, fire-resistant walls are regulated by the Uniform Building By-Laws
1984 and the Malaysian Standard MS 1529.

Fire-resistant walls are designed to resist the spread of fire for a certain period of
time, typically between 30 minutes to 4 hours. The walls are constructed using
fire-resistant materials, such as fire-rated gypsum board, masonry, or concrete. The
thickness and type of materials used will depend on the required fire resistance
rating and the building code requirements.

Fire-resistant walls are commonly used in high-rise buildings, hospitals, schools,

and other buildings where fire safety is critical. They play a vital role in protecting
occupants and reducing damage in the event of a fire.
 FIRE RESISTANT FLOOR
AND
used in buildingsCEILING
Fire-resistant floors and ceilings are important passive fire protection measures
to prevent the spread of fire and smoke between floors. In
Malaysia, fire-resistant floors and ceilings are regulated by the Uniform Building
By-Laws 1984 and the Malaysian Standard MS 1529.

Fire-resistant floors and ceilings are designed to resist the spread of fire for a
certain period of time, typically between 30 minutes to 4 hours. The floors and
ceilings are constructed using fire-resistant materials, such as fire-rated gypsum
board, concrete, or steel. The thickness and type of materials used will depend on
the required fire resistance rating and the building code requirements.

Fire-resistant floors and ceilings are commonly used in high-rise buildings,

hospitals, schools, and other buildings where fire safety is critical. They play a
vital role in protecting occupants and reducing damage in the event of a fire.
 FIRE DOOR
Fire doors are designed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke between
compartments by providing a barrier that can withstand high temperatures for a
specified period of time. They are constructed using fire-resistant materials, such
as fire-rated timber or steel, and are equipped with fire-resistant seals and
hardware.

Fire doors must be tested and certified to meet Malaysian standards. The
Malaysian Standard MS 1073 specifies the requirements for fire doors, including
the materials used, the construction methods, and the performance standards. Fire
doors must be tested to withstand high temperatures, pressure, and impact to
ensure their effectiveness in preventing the spread of fire and smoke.

Maintenance of fire doors are also important factors to ensure their effectiveness.
Fire doors must be properly installed with the correct hardware and seals to
prevent gaps or openings that could allow flames or smoke to pass through.
Regular maintenance and inspections are also required to ensure that fire doors are
in good working condition and meet the required standards.
 FIRE DAMPERS
Fire dampers are designed to close automatically in the event of a fire, preventing
the spread of flames and smoke through the HVAC system. They are typically
installed in ductwork where it penetrates fire-rated walls, floors, or ceilings. Fire
dampers are constructed using fire-resistant materials, such as galvanized steel or
aluminum, and are equipped with a fusible link that melts at a certain temperature,
causing the damper to close.

Fire dampers must be tested and certified to meet Malaysian standards. The
Malaysian Standard MS 1073 specifies the requirements for fire dampers,
including the materials used, the construction methods, and the performance
standards. Fire dampers must be tested to withstand high temperatures and
pressure to ensure their effectiveness in preventing the spread of fire and smoke.

Maintenance of fire dampers are also important factors to ensure their

effectiveness. Fire dampers must be properly installed with the correct clearance
and ductwork configuration to prevent obstruction or leakage. Regular
maintenance and inspections are also required to ensure that fire dampers are in
good working condition and meet the required standards.
 FIRE RESISTANT
GLASS
Fire-resistant glass is designed to provide a barrier that can withstand high
temperatures and prevent the spread of fire and smoke between compartments. It is
made using special techniques and materials that enhance its fire resistance, such
as the use of multiple layers of glass with a fire-resistant interlayer.

Fire-resistant glass must be tested and certified to meet Malaysian standards. The
Malaysian Standard MS 1184 specifies the requirements for fire-resistant glass,
including the materials used, the construction methods, and the performance
standards. Fire-resistant glass must be tested to withstand high temperatures,
pressure, and impact to ensure its effectiveness in preventing the spread of fire and
smoke.

In addition to the materials used and the construction methods, the installation and
maintenance of fire-resistant glass are also important factors to ensure its
effectiveness. Fire-resistant glass must be properly installed and sealed to prevent
gaps or openings that could allow flames or smoke to pass through. Regular
maintenance and inspections are also required to ensure that fire-resistant glass is
in good working condition and meets the required standards.
 BST151-BUILDING
SERVICES I

THANK
YOU!
4.2 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE