Discovering Computers

Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview

See Page 381 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 2

for Detailed Objectives Chapter 10
Objectives Overview

See Page 381 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 3

for Detailed Objectives Chapter 10
Computer Security Risks

• A computer security risk is any event or action that could

cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware,
software, data, information, or processing capability
• A cybercrime is an online or Internet-based illegal act

Pages 382 - 383 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 4

Chapter 10
Computer Security Risks

Pages 382 - 383 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 5

Figure 10-1 Chapter 10
Internet and Network Attacks

Page 384 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 6

Chapter 10
Internet and Network Attacks

• An infected computer has one or more of the

following symptoms:

Page 384 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 7

Chapter 10
Internet and Network Attacks

Page 385 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 8

Figure 10-2 Chapter 10
Internet and Network Attacks

• Users can take several precautions to protect their home

and work computers and mobile devices from these
malicious infections

Pages 385 – 387 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 9

Figure 10-4 Chapter 10
Internet and Network Attacks

Page 386 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 10

Figure 10-3 Chapter 10
Internet and Network Attacks
TYPES_OF_ATTACKS
•A botnet is a group of compromised computers connected to a
network
– A compromised computer is known as a zombie
•A denial of service attack (DoS attack) disrupts computer access to
Internet services
•A back door is a program or set of instructions in a program that
allow users to bypass security controls
•Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network or
Internet transmission appear legitimate
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click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click DoS Attacks
below Chapter 10

Pages 387 - 388 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 11

Chapter 10
Internet and Network Attacks

• A firewall is hardware and/or software that protects a

network’s resources from intrusion/illegal access

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Firewalls
below Chapter 10

Pages 388 - 389 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 12

Figure 10-5 Chapter 10
Internet and Network Attacks

Page 389 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 13

Chapter 10
Unauthorized Access and Use

Page 389 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 14

Chapter 10
Unauthorized Access and Use

Pages 389 - 390 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 15

Figure 10-6 Chapter 10
Unauthorized Access and Use
• A biometric device
authenticates a person’s
identity by translating a
personal characteristic into
a digital code that is
compared with a digital
code in a computer

Page 391 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 16

Figure 10-8 Chapter 10
Unauthorized Access and Use

• Digital forensics is the discovery, collection, and

analysis of evidence found on computers and
networks
• Many areas use digital forensics

Page 392 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 17

Chapter 10
Hardware Theft and Vandalism

Page 393 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 18

Chapter 10
Hardware Theft and Vandalism
• To help and reduce the chances of theft,
companies and schools use a variety of security
measures

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click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click RTLS
below Chapter 10

Page 393 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 19

Figure 10-9 Chapter 10
Software Theft

• Software theft occurs when someone:

Page 393 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 20

Chapter 10
Software Theft

• A single-user license agreement typically contains the

following conditions:

Page 394 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 21

Chapter 10
Software Theft

• Copying, loaning,
borrowing, renting, or
distributing software
can be a violation of
copyright law
• Some software requires
product activation to
function fully

Page 394 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 22

Figure 10-10 Chapter 10
Information Theft

• Information theft occurs when someone steals

personal or confidential information
• Encryption is a process of converting readable
data into unreadable characters to prevent
unauthorized access

Page 395 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 23

Figure 10-11 Chapter 10
Information Theft

• A digital signature is an encrypted code that a

person, Web site, or organization attaches to an
electronic message to verify the identity of the
sender
• A digital certificate is a notice that guarantees a
user or a Web site is legitimate
– Issued by a certificate authority
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click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Digital Certificates
below Chapter 10

Pages 395 - 396 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 24

Chapter 10
Information Theft

Page 395 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 25

Figure 10-12 Chapter 10
System Failure

• A system failure is the prolonged malfunction of a

computer
• A variety of factors can lead to system failure,
including:
– Aging hardware
– Natural disasters
– Electrical power problems
– Errors in computer programs

Page 396 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 26

Chapter 10
System Failure

• Two ways to protect from system failures caused

by electrical power variations include surge
protectors and uninterruptable power supplies
(UPS)

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click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Surge Protectors
below Chapter 10

Page 396 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 27

Figures 10-13 – 10-14 Chapter 10
Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard

• A backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or disk

that can be used if the original is lost, damaged,
or destroyed
– To back up a file means to make a copy of it
• Offsite backups are stored in a location separate
from the computer site
Cloud Storage

Page 396 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 28

Chapter 10
Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard

• Two categories of • Three-generation

backups: backup policy
– Full backup
– Selective backup

Page 397 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 29

Chapter 10
Wireless Security

Page 397 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 30

Chapter 10
Health Concerns of Computer Use

• The widespread use of

computers has led to
health concerns
– Repetitive strain injury
(RSI)
– Carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS)
– Computer vision
syndrome (CVS)

Page 398 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 31

Figure 10-15 Chapter 10
Health Concerns of Computer Use

Page 398 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 32

Figure 10-16 Chapter 10
Health Concerns of Computer Use

• Ergonomics is an
applied science devoted
to incorporating
comfort, efficiency, and
safety into the design of
items in the workplace

Page 399 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 33

Figure 10-17 Chapter 10
Health Concerns of Computer Use

• Computer addiction occurs when the computer

consumes someone’s entire social life
• Symptoms of users include:

Page 399 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 34

Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

• Computer ethics are

the moral guidelines
that govern the use of
computers and
information systems
• Information accuracy is
a concern
– Not all information on
the Web is correct

Page 399 – 401 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 35

Figure 10-19 Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Digital Rights
Management
below Chapter 10
Page 401 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 36
Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

• Green computing
involves reducing the
electricity and
environmental waste
while using a computer
– ENERGY STAR program

Pages 401 - 402 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 37

Figure 10-20 Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

• Information privacy refers to the right of

individuals and companies to deny or restrict the
collection and use of information about them
• Huge databases store data online
• It is important to safeguard your information

Page 402 - 403 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 38

Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

Page 403 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 39

Figure 10-21 Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

• When you fill out a

form, the merchant that
receives the form
usually enters it into a
database
• Many companies today
allow people to specify
whether they want their
personal information
distributed
Page 403 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 40
Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

• A cookie is a small text file that a Web server stores on

your computer
• Web sites use cookies for a variety of reasons:

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Cookies
below Chapter 10

Pages 403 - 404 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 41

Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

Page 404 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 42

Figure 10-22 Chapter 10
Ethics and Society
• Spam is an unsolicited
e-mail message or
newsgroup posting
• E-mail filtering blocks e-
mail messages from
designated sources
• Anti-spam programs
attempt to remove
spam before it reaches
your inbox

Pages 404 - 405 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 43

Figure 10-23 Chapter 10
Ethics and Society
• Phishing is a scam in
which a perpetrator
sends an official looking
e-mail message that
attempts to obtain your
personal and financial
information
• Pharming is a scam
where a perpetrator
attempts to obtain your
personal and financial
information via spoofing
Page 405 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 44
Figure 10-24 Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

• The concern about privacy has led to the

enactment of federal and state laws regarding the
storage and disclosure of personal data
– See Figure 10-25 on page 406 for a listing of major U.S.
government laws concerning privacy

Page 406 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 45

Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

Pages 405 - 407 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 46

Chapter 10
Ethics and Society

• Content filtering is the

process of restricting
access to certain
material on the Web
• Many businesses use
content filtering
• Web filtering software
restricts access to
specified Web sites

Page 407 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 47

Figure 10-26 Chapter 10
Summary

Page 408 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 48

Chapter 10
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Living in a Digital World

Chapter 10 Complete