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12-16 November, 2006

 Corrosion Control Techniques
5.Cathodic Protection

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 Corrosion Control Techniques
5.Cathodic Protection
2- Impressed current system

DC source
Ground bed

DC
I

Drain Point

Fe
Anode
Umbrella

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Basics of Impressed current system

Steel nails fixed to The steel nails Results:

dry battery terminals immersed in saline 1- The nail at +ve
water terminal Corrodes
2- The nail at –ve
terminal remains
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5.Cathodic Protection

Impressed current system

Nothing happens since

the nails are in different
electrolytes

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 Corrosion Control Techniques
5.Cathodic Protection

Transformer Rectifiers (T/R)

 AC input
Voltage, Single/ three phase, Frequency

 DC maximum output Amp, Volt

 Air Cooled: with sun-shade

Oil Cooled: with thermometer

 Location: according to area classification

• Explosion proof (hazardous area)
• Non-explosion proof (non-hazardous area)
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 Corrosion Control Techniques
5.Cathodic Protection

Transformer Rectifiers

T/R with sun-shade

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5.Cathodic Protection
Transformer Rectifiers

Explosion-proof Wall-mounted/indoors Pole-mounted

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Transformer Rectifier

Alternating Current Direct Current

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5.Cathodic Protection

Common Impressed current anodes:

Consumable Anodes Non Consumable Anodes

Si – Fe Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO)

Si – Cr – Fe Platinized

Graphite
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Common Impressed current anodes:

Si – Fe

Si – Cr – Fe

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Fe Si Anodes

 Are the most common impressed current anodes

 Are used in soil, water or sea water

 Come in two grades; FeSi and FeSiCr for sea water

applications

 Cable connection to anode shall be handled with great

care.

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 Corrosion Control Techniques
5.Cathodic Protection

Common Impressed current anodes:

Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) Anodes

Solid Titanium
Core

MMO is an electrically conductive Titanium

Substrate
coating that is applied onto a with a Copper
Core
Titanium substrate in order to Titanium
make it act as an Anode Tubular

Titanium
Substrate Mesh

Titanium
Substrate
Ribbon

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Common Impressed current anodes:

Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) Anodes

MMO Coating

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Common Impressed current anodes:

Graphite Anodes

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Common Impressed current anodes:

Platinized Anodes

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 Impressed current anodes are

some times packaged with the
Carbonaceous backfill.

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Impressed Current CP Systems

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Types of ground beds:

 Deep-well GB
 Horizontal shallow GB
 Distributed Anodes

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Deep well > 50m depth

Sand topping

Carbonaceous backfill Non-metallic

for anodes section vent tube
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Carbonaceous backfill
Property 218-L 4518
   Resistivity,
0.02 0.01
ohm-inch
   Resistivity,
0.05   0.03
ohm-cm
   Carbon (L.O.I.
99.0 99.9%
method)
   Moisture 0.10% 0.02%
   Ash 0.35% 0.10%
   VCM 0.30%   0/22%
   Sulfur 3.75%   4.3%
   Bulk Density
46-50 62-66
(lbs/ft3)

    General Sizing      
   + 4 Mesh +4M < 10% 4M 10%
   + 8 Mesh +8M > 90% +20M > 80%
   - 8 Mesh -8M < 10% -20M 10%
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Deep-well ground beds

Non-metallic Perforated Casing

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Shallow Bed

Depth 3–5m

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Distributed Impressed Current Anodes Arrangement

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Anode Connection :
Anodes cables are connected to anode / positive junction box
Each anode can be connected via a variable resistance to
control the current output
A header cable connects the PJB to e +ve terminal of T/R

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Anode Connection :

Anode Cables from GB

Positive Junction Box

Main Cable to +ve

Terminal of T/R

Direct connection to +ve bus bar

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Anode Connection :
Anode Cables from GB

Main Cable to +ve

Terminal of T/R

Connection via
variable resistance
Positive Junction Box

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Typical Impressed Current System Arrangement

Ground Bed
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Positive current flux through soil to buried

pipeline and resulting distribution of current
density on pipe wall

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Pipeline attenuation and

multiple ground beds

V vs CSE
GB1 GB2 GB3

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Typical Under-Tank Cathodic Protection

System for New Tanks

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Under tank
cathodic protection
MMO anode grid

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Main Problem with Under-Tank CP

Systems

The protective +ve CP current

causes decomposition of water
Since water content of the soil
underneath the tank is very limited
As a result, the GB dries up – i.e. no
electrolyte – and the CP system is
aborted

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5.Cathodic Protection

Solution Installation of Under-Tank Watering System

Concrete Ring

Compacted
Soil

Laser Slotted PVC Tubes

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Slotted PVC Pipes