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15th Chapter 1st Lecture CR

Computed radiography is a form of digital radiography that uses imaging plates containing photostimulable phosphor screens. X-rays cause electrons in the phosphor screens to enter an excited metastable state. These electrons later emit light when exposed to stimulating laser light, forming a latent image. The imaging plates are processed digitally to produce CR images, providing an alternative to conventional screen-film radiography that does not require darkroom handling. Computed radiography is now widely used in medical imaging.

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Faria Khan
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197 views

15th Chapter 1st Lecture CR

Computed radiography is a form of digital radiography that uses imaging plates containing photostimulable phosphor screens. X-rays cause electrons in the phosphor screens to enter an excited metastable state. These electrons later emit light when exposed to stimulating laser light, forming a latent image. The imaging plates are processed digitally to produce CR images, providing an alternative to conventional screen-film radiography that does not require darkroom handling. Computed radiography is now widely used in medical imaging.

Uploaded by

Faria Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computed radiography

By : Faria khan
Radiology
AlHAMD ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY i
Computed radiography
 Digital radiography was introduced in 1981 by Fuji.
 After many improvements that were made over the next decade,
CR became clinically acceptable and today enjoys widespread
use.
 Today medical imaging is complemented by multiple forms of
DR in addition to CR.
 At this time, CR is the most widely used DR modality, and
although other DR systems are increasingly in use.
 there will always be a need for CR because of its unique
properties.
Cr terms

 Computed Radiography Terms


 IP = imaging plate
 PD = photodiode
 PMT =photomultiplier tube
 PSL = photostimulable luminescence
 PSP = photostimulable phosphor
 SP = storage phosphor
 SPS = storage phosphor screen
Computed radiography

 Computed radiography is a form of digital radiography.


 Many similarities have been observed between screen film
imaging and CR imaging.
 Both modalities use as the image receptor an x-ray–sensitive
plate that is encased in a protective cassette.
 The two techniques can be used interchangeably with any x-ray
imaging system.
 Both produce a latent image that must be made visible via
processing.
 In screen-film radiography the radiographic intensifying screen is
a scintillator that emits light in response to an x-ray interaction.

 In CR the response to x-ray interaction is seen as trapped


electrons in a higher energy metastable state.
Photostimulable Luminescnce

 Some materials such as barium fluorohalide with europium


(BaFBr : Eu or BaFI : Eu) emit some light promptly in the
way that a scintillator does following x-ray exposure.
 However, they also emit light some time later when
exposed to a different light source.
 Such a process is called photostimulable luminescence
(PSL).
 The europium (Eu) is present in only very small amounts.
 It is an activator and is responsible for the storage property
of the PSL.
 The activator is similar to the sensitivity center of a film
emulsion because without it, there would be no latent
image.
 In the same way that the photographic effect is not fully
understood and continues to be studied, so too the physics
of PSL is not fully understood.
 The atoms of barium fluorobromide have atomic numbers
of 56, 9, and 35, respectively, with K-shell electron
binding energies of 37, 5, and 12 keV, respectively.
 Many Compton and photoelectric x-ray interactions occur
with outer-shell electrons, sending them into an excited,
metastable state (Figure 15-2).
 When these electrons return to the ground state, visible
light is emitted (Figure 15-3).
 Over time, these metastable electrons return to the ground state on
their own.
 However, this return to the ground state can be accelerated
 or stimulated by exposing the phosphor to intense infrared light from
a laser— hence the term photostimulable luminescence from a
photostimulable phosphor (PSP).
 The PSP, barium fluorohalide, is fashioned similarly to a radiographic
intensifying screen .
 Because the latent image occurs in the form of metastable electrons,
such screens are called storage phosphor screens (SPSs).
Imaging Plate

 The PSP screen is housed in a rugged cassette that appears


similar to a screen-film cassette .
 In this form as an image receptor, the PSP screen-film
cassette is called an imaging plate (IP).
 The IP is handled in the same manner as a screen-film
cassette.
 The PSP screen of the IP is not loaded and unloaded in a
darkroom.
 Rather, it is handled in the manner of a screen-film
daylight loader.
 With CR, a darkroom is unnecessary.
 The IP has lead backing that reduces backscatter x-rays.
 This improves the contrast resolution of the image
receptor.
THANK
YOU

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