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ODEX

Observation involves using the senses to be aware of one's surroundings. Description is accurately reporting one's own observations or those reported by others. There are three key psychological processes for accurate observation: attention, perception, and report. Attention involves awareness, perception involves understanding, and report involves identifying and narrating what was perceived. Factors like size, change, repetition, striking qualities, interest, and one's organic condition can influence attention. Perception depends on mental capacity, education, experience, and occupation. Report is governed by vocabulary, timeliness to prevent memory decay, and ability to recall similar past incidents. Memory involves storing and recollecting experiences and can be improved through intention, confidence, concentration, motivation, understanding, visualization,

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99 views

ODEX

Observation involves using the senses to be aware of one's surroundings. Description is accurately reporting one's own observations or those reported by others. There are three key psychological processes for accurate observation: attention, perception, and report. Attention involves awareness, perception involves understanding, and report involves identifying and narrating what was perceived. Factors like size, change, repetition, striking qualities, interest, and one's organic condition can influence attention. Perception depends on mental capacity, education, experience, and occupation. Report is governed by vocabulary, timeliness to prevent memory decay, and ability to recall similar past incidents. Memory involves storing and recollecting experiences and can be improved through intention, confidence, concentration, motivation, understanding, visualization,

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OBSERVATION

DESCRIPTION
What is Observation?
• OBSERVATION (Taking notice) -
is a complete and accurate awareness
by an individual of his surroundings and
encompasses the use of all of our major
senses to register and recognize its
operational and/or intelligence
significance.
What is Description?
• DESCRIPTION - is the actual and
factual reporting of one's own
observations or the reported sensory
experience recounted by another.
•  
• = The only way you become aware
of anything is through your senses.
Three Psychological process for accurate
observation:
1. Attention - consists of the psychological
process involved in becoming aware of a fact
(aware of the existence of a fact)

• 2. Perception - consists of the


psychological process involved in
understanding this fact of awareness.
= through understanding (smell of a
flower, you can guess the name of the flower)
Three Psychological process for accurate
observation:
3. Report -used in two (2) senses: 
a. The first in the psychological
process involved in identifying by name
in one's own mind some facts which has
been perceived.

b. Report - narrate of what you


perceived / identified.
Three (3) Types of Attention

• 1. Involuntary (least reliable)

• 2. Voluntary (more reliable)

• 3. Habitual (most reliabe)


Factors That Influences Attention:

1. Size
2. Change
3. Repetition
4. Striking Quality
5. Interest
6. Organic Condition
Factors Involved in Perception
• 1. MENTAL CAPACITY - one must have
enough intelligence to understand the meanings of a
fact before he can perceive it.
•  
• 2. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND –

• 3. EMPIRICAL BACKGROUND - one has


acquired by experience throughout his life.

• 4. OCCUPATIONAL BACKGROUND -
Factors Governing Reports:

1. Vocabulary - words which an


individual finds to express himself.

2. TIME LAG - accurate reporting


depends entirely on timeliness. Delay
in reporting results in unconscious
omission of detail.
Factors Governing Reports:

3. Recurrence of Similar Incident


> Investigator investigate similar
incidents.
> Memory Retention: (Make
notes on things that is difficult to
remember)
Example: 1hr-100%; 2hrs-75%;
3hrs- 50%; & 4hrs – 25%.
Memory

• has bearing in evaluation of Information.


– It refer to a complex group of mental
functions and states of awareness that
are concerned with the storing of
experience and its reappearance in
consciousness or its utilization in
subsequent activity.
Types of Memory

• (1) Sensory - that of learning repetition

• (2) Intellectual - higher evaluation


Functions of Memory

• (1) Storing Information – systematic


filing.

• (2) Recollection – returning to


conscious memory that which has been
stored.
How Recollection may be brought about:
• (1) Recall - process of reproducing a past experience
• (2) Recognition - process of identifying a perception as having been
experienced at some time in the past.
• One of the most important fundamentals of memory and
memory training must be the creation of interest.
• Object itself and the interest aroused by this object are of
great importance to memory - also
• Means of Reception:
• (1) Eye - Minded
• (2) Ear - Minded
• (3) Motor - Minded
Motor - involves touch, smell and taste
Suggestion to improve Memory
• (1) You must intend (or want) to remember
• (2) Develop the confidence to remember - do
not let your memory remain dormant
• (3) Carefully observe and concentrate all your
attention on the subject to be remembered.
• (4) Develop the strongest possible motive for
remembering any particular fact.
• (5) Try to understand clearly the meaning of
which is to be remembered.
• (6) You must be able to visualize, when
possible, the fact to be remembered.
Suggestion to improve Memory
• (7) Remember by repetition - a good policy
to over learn allowing the memory trace or
impressions the chance to "set".

• (8) Remember everything new by


connecting it with something that you
already know.
BASIC RULES OF
ASSOCIATION

• (1) Law of Similarity


• (2) Law of Contrast
• (3) Law of Propinquity - implies that
nearness of place, time or some other
• relationship.

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