Seismic Load Calculations

By : Hamid Hasan
 Seismic Codes
 IBC (Old UBC)
 ASCE
 China building code
 National building code of Canada
 Din 4149 German Code

* UBC 97 will be discussed in the following slides.

 Type of Structures
 Flexible
is a component, including its attachment, having a
fundamental period greater than 0.06 second.

 Rigid
is a component, including its attachment, having a
fundamental period less than or equal to 0.06 second.
 Selection of Lateral-Force
Procedure
 Simplified Static
The simplified static lateral-force procedure is used for building
structures.
(Not applied for pressure vessels)
 Static
The static lateral-force procedure is used for
1. All structures, regular or irregular, in seismic zone 1 and in
occupancy categories 4 & 5 in seismic zone 2.
2. Regular structures under 240 ft (73152 mm) in height
(Normally applied for drums/columns)
 Selection of Lateral-Force
Procedure (Cont’d)
 Dynamic
The dynamic lateral-force procedure is used for
1. Structures 240 ft (73152 mm) or more in height.
2. Structures having a stiffness, weight or geometric vertical irregularity.
3. Structures located on soil profile type SF , that have a period greater than 0.7
second.
 Irregularities
 Stiffness Irregularity
A soft story is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the
story above or less than 80 percent of the average stiffness of the three stories above.
Example: Vertical vessel with large difference between shell and skirt.
If IDshell = 2000 mm tshell = 20 mm Ishell = 6.47 x 1010 mm4
If IDskirt = 2034 mm tskirt = 9 mm Iskirt = 3.01 x 1010 mm4

As (less than 0.70)

EI skirt I skirt t skirt

 be designed
therefore vessel shall  0.by
46dynamic
 procedure.
EI shell I shell t shell
 Irregularities (Cont’d)
 Weight Irregularity
Mass irregularity shall be considered to exist where the effective mass
of any story is more than 150 percent of the effective mass of an
adjacent story
Example : If a vessel has heavy internals and/or internals such as
reboiler, then vessel is recommended to be designed by dynamic
procedure.
 Vertical Geometric Irregularity
Vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered to exist where the
horizontal dimension of any story is more than 130 percent of adjacent
story.
Example : For vessel with different Shell ID’s, if ratio of ID’s of
adjacent shells is more than 1.3, vessel will be designed by dynamic
procedure.
 Static Force Procedure
 Design Base
Shear

 Vertical
Distribution
of Forces
 Design Base Shear (V)
Rigid Equipment on Grade : V  0.7Ca IW
Cv I
Flexible Equipment on Grade : V  W
RT
Should not be less than Vmin  0.56Ca IW
2.5Ca IW
Need not to exceed Vmax 
R
1.6 ZN v IW
For Seismic Zone 4, V shall also not be less than Vmin 
R
 Design Base Shear (V)(Cont’d)

 Equipment on Structure :
a p Ca I p  hx 
Fp  1  3 W p
Rp  hr 

Fp max  4.0Ca I pW p

Fp min  0.7Ca I pW p
Disasu Output (Rigid Base Formula)
Disasu Output (Rigid Base Formula)
Disasu Output (Flexible Base Formula)
 Soil Profile Type
Soil Profile Soil Profile Name/
Type Generic description
SA Hard Rock

SB Rock

SC Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock

SD Stiff Soil Profile

SE Soft Soil Profile

Soil Requiring Site Specific
SF
Evaluation
 Seismic Zone Factor Z

ZONE 1 2A 2B 3 4

Z 0.075 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40

 Occupancy Category
Occupancy or Seismic Seismic
N Occupancy
Functions of Importance Importance
o. Category
Structure Factor, I Factor, Ip
Essential Emergency treatment areas,
1 Facilities Fire and Police Stations, etc.
1.25 1.50

Hazardous Structures Supporting toxic

2 Facilities or explosive chemicals, etc.
1.25 1.50

Special Education centers, hospitals,

3 Occupancy power generation centers, 1.00 1.00
Structures crowded buildings
Standard
4 Occupancy Not listed in 1, 2, 3, and 5 1.00 1.00
Structures
Miscellaneous
5 Structures
Group U Occupancies. 1.00 1.00
 Some standard values for
Factors
Standard
Factor Description
Value
I Seismic Importance Factor 1.25

Ip Seismic Importance Factor 1.50

2.9 for Skirt

Numerical coefficient representative of
R the inherent overstrength
Support
2.2 for All
In-structure Component Amplification
ap Factor
1.0

Component Response Modification

Rp Factor
3.0
 Seismic Coefficient Ca
Seismic Zone Factor, Z
Soil
Profile
Z = 0.075 Z = 0.15 Z = 0.2 Z = 0.3 Z = 0.4
Type

SA 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.24 0.32Na

SB 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40Na

SC 0.09 0.18 0.24 0.33 0.40Na

SD 0.12 0.22 0.28 0.36 0.44Na

SE 0.19 0.30 0.34 0.36 0.36Na

 Seismic Coefficient Cv
Seismic Zone Factor, Z
Soil
Profile
Z = 0.075 Z = 0.15 Z = 0.2 Z = 0.3 Z = 0.4
Type

SA 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.24 0.32Nv

SB 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40Nv

SC 0.13 0.25 0.32 0.45 0.56Nv

SD 0.28 0.32 0.40 0.54 0.64Nv

SE 0.26 0.50 0.64 0.84 0.96Nv

 Near Source Factor Na
Closest Distance to Known Seismic Source
Seismic
Source Type
 2 Km 5 Km  10 km

A 1.5 1.2 1.0

B 1.3 1.0 1.0

C 1.0 1.0 1.0

 Near Source Factor Nv
Closest Distance to Known Seismic Source
Seismic
Source Type
 2 Km 5 Km 10 Km  15 km

A 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.0

B 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0

C 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

 Seismic Source Type
Seismic
Seismic Source Description
Source Type
Faults that are capable of producing large
A magnitude events and that have a high rate of
seismic activity

B All Faults other than types A and C

Faults that are not capable of producing large

C magnitude earthquakes and that have a relatively
low rate of seismic activity.
Vertical Distribution of Forces
n
V  Ft   Fi
i 1
Where concentrated Force at Top may be calculated as
below
Ft  0.07TV
Remaining portion of base shear shall be distributed over
the height of the structure, including Level n, according to
the following formula: (V  F ) w h
Fx  n
t x x

wh
i 1
i i
Seismic
Codes
in
Disasu
Input
for
UBC .
1997
.
Input for UBC 1997
 Minimum Shear Value
Coefficient
For non-building structures, minimum shear value coefficient is
0.56 as stated in Eq 34-2. (V = 0.56CaIW). If user wish to use
“minimum shear value coefficient”, lower than 0.56, input that
coefficient, as below.
 Stress Increase Factor
Normal stress increase factor per ASME code UG-23(d) for allowable
stresses will be used w/ these load combinations. The above will apply to
both pressurized components (shells, cones, etc.) . For structural
components (skirts, legs, etc.) a 1/3 allowable stress increase is permitted.
Stress Increase Factor (Cont’d)
Seismic Report (Disasu Output )
 Se
in ism
cr i
ea c S
se h
fro ear
m an
to d
p Se
to i s
bo m i
tt o c m
m o
m
en
t
Seismic Load Report
 Seismic
Load
Report
(Cont’d)
 REFERENCES
 UBC 97
 “Pressure Vessel Design Manual” by Dennis R. M
oss.
 “Pressure Vessel Handbook” by Eugene F.
Megyesy.
THANK YOU