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Thermal Energy Storage For Building HVAC System

This document discusses thermal energy storage (TES) systems for building HVAC. TES stores excess thermal energy during off-peak periods and uses it during peak periods to reduce costs and emissions. The main TES types are sensible, latent, and thermochemical. A study designed a phase-change TES device using a dual-circuit cascaded heat pump that can shift load from peak to off-peak periods via three operating modes. Experimental results showed the device provided constant temperature discharge and increased cooling capacity during charging, with over 50% of thermal resistance from fluid tube contact. Improved thermal contact design could access more stored energy.

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abhijeet
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24 views

Thermal Energy Storage For Building HVAC System

This document discusses thermal energy storage (TES) systems for building HVAC. TES stores excess thermal energy during off-peak periods and uses it during peak periods to reduce costs and emissions. The main TES types are sensible, latent, and thermochemical. A study designed a phase-change TES device using a dual-circuit cascaded heat pump that can shift load from peak to off-peak periods via three operating modes. Experimental results showed the device provided constant temperature discharge and increased cooling capacity during charging, with over 50% of thermal resistance from fluid tube contact. Improved thermal contact design could access more stored energy.

Uploaded by

abhijeet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermal Energy Storage

For Building HVAC


System
What and Why TES ?
• Thermal energy storage is like a thermal battery , it store thermal energy and release this energy
when require .
• In HVAC systems it allow us excess thermal energy generated during off-peak periods (when
energy is cheaper) and use it during peak periods (when energy is more expensive) to meet cooling
or heating demands
• TES can help to reduce energy consumption and peak demand charges, and improve the efficiency
and reliability of HVAC systems
• Reduce CO2 emissions and costs by making sure energy is used when it is cheaper and there is
more renewable energy in the mix
Types of TES
• There are three main types of TES systems: sensible, latent, and thermochemical.
• Sensible TES systems store thermal energy by changing the temperature of a solid or liquid
material, such as water or concrete.
• Latent TES systems store thermal energy by changing the phase of a material, such as melting or
freezing a phase change material (PCM).
• Thermochemical TES systems store thermal energy by using chemical reactions to absorb and
release heat.
Design of A Phase-Change Thermal Storage Device in A Heat
Pump for Building Electric Peak Load Shaving
(ansisi HUANG, Allison MAHVI, Eric KOZUBAL, Jason WOODS )

Heat transfer rate supplied to the room and the heat transfer
rates from the condensing (charging) and evaporating
(discharging) streams in the TES heat exchanger
Dual circuit cascaded heat pump
Three modes of operation

1. Net zero C rate : Refrigerant flowing in both the circuit do not release or extract
the heat from the PCM

2. Net charging : The low stage Refrigerant charge PCM faster than the rate of
discharge by high stage (Negative C rate)

3. Net Discharging : The low stage Refrigerant charge PCM slower than the rate of
discharge by high stage (Positive C rate)

C rate = Net discharging Heat transfer rate / Maximum thermal energy capacity
Power and Isentropic efficiency
Shaving V/S No Shaving
Effect of Transition temperature
Effect of Transition temperature
Effect of Transition temperature
Conclusions
• Peak Shaving during discharging at Transition temperature of 10 degree centigrade is 23.5 %
• Overall saving is 0.8 Kwh
• Increase in Transition temperature influences Low stage circuit more because of the increase in
compression ratio , as a result as Transition temperature increases from 0-20 degree centigrade the
peak reduction increases from 17% to 28% and energy saving increases from 12 % to 24%
compared to a cascade system without shaving and compared to a single stage heat pump backed
electric heater peak reduction increases from 46.1% to 50.9% and energy saving increases from
44.9 % to 49.1%
DUAL CIRCUIT TES MODULE FOR AIR
CONDITIONERS
Thermal Resistances
Specification of PCM
• Here a composite of n-tetradecane (C14H30) as the PCM and CENG as the high thermal
conductivity matrix for encapsulation
• Firstly graphite is intercalated and acid treated ,which form expanded graphite upon heat
treatment than its is compressed to form a high porosity foam matrix
• It is then finally soaked in n-tetradecane to form the final energy storage material
• The enthalpy of phase change is around 168 KJ/Kg
Experimental Setup
WORKING OF THE SETUP
• The device works in three modes charging ,discharging and steady state
• In charging the TES module is cooling down
• In discharging the TES module is heating up
• In the steady state the module is just transferring the heat
• Here lab boiler is acting like a building load
• The lab chiller is acting like a ambient heat sink
DISCAHRGE PERFORMANCE OF THE MODULE
• The figure shows results from discharging the
module by providing it with constant inlet
temperature
• The lab boiler provides the required heat input to
maintain the fluid temperature at its set point
• The results show that during the bulk of the
phase-change process, the module provides an
approximately constant fluid temperature of 11.8
◦C and a discharge power of ~ 4.1 kW.
CHARGE PERFORMANCE OF THE MODULE

• Here also the inlet temperature is


kept constant with the help of the
chiller
• The module temperature is going
down during the charging process
• The cooling capacity increase with
time
Conclusion
• We identified that the thermal contact resistance between the fluid tubes and the PCC material in
the module accounted for a significant fraction (>50%) of the total thermal resistance.
• The heat transfer rate through these devices affects the total amount of energy that can be utilized
for a given use case. This information, and the model developed here, can be used to better design
thermal batteries to ensure access to all the PCC for the required discharge rate.
• TES module design can potentially be operated with both circuits using refrigerant, with the
discharge side being a pumped liquid refrigerant loop. This feature would enable seamless
integration with existing building HVAC systems.

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