Introduction to Islam

By:
Dr. Umair Ashraf (PAS)
Islamic Studies as a Subject:
• Islamic studies, as taught globally, is a discipline that seeks to explain what the Islamic world
has achieved in the past and what the future holds for it. Its past is indeed rich. In 732, a
hundred years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the Arab conquests had created
the greatest empire that the world had yet seen, stretching from central France to the
borders of China. It was held together by the Islamic faith and by Arabic, the language of
the Qur’an. The gilded world of the ninth-century Abbasid court – whose capital, Baghdad,
rivalled Rome – is evoked in the stories of the Thousand and One Nights. Here the caliphs
established an academy, the House of Wisdom, which served as a translation centre where
Arabic versions (later produced also in Toledo, in Spain) were made of the masterpieces of
Graeco-Roman, Persian and Indian culture in philosophy, literature, mathematics,
astronomy, medicine and other fields of scientific learning. These works, saved from
oblivion by the Arabs, reached the west, were translated into Latin and ultimately made the
Renaissance possible. Muslim Spain, for example, was centuries ahead of the rest of Europe
in its lifestyle; its capital, Cordoba, had street lighting, underground sewage, hot and cold
running water, public baths and other amenities while other European cities were sunk in
squalor. Moorish expertise in irrigation and agriculture made the gardens of Spain a byword
for the arts of leisure.
Basic Concept of Islam:
• Literal Meaning: Arabic word ‫ س لم‬which means to surrender, to submit and to
give one’s self up. Other literal meaning is peace.
• The meaning of word Islam is Obedience, submission and peace. It demands
complete submission to One Almighty Allah. (The concept of Tawhid)
Vertical God-to-Man relationship
Horizontal Man-to-Man relationship
• The concept of peace in Islam stems from the inherent quality of Almighty is
compassionate and merciful. One of the names of Almighty is Al-Salam, and thus
ٰ ‫هَّٰلل‬
he is the source and originator of peace. i.e Translation of ‫يم‬ ِ ‫َّح‬ ْ‫َّح‬
ِ ‫بِ س ِْم ٱ ِ ٱ لر َمنِٱ لر‬
• The Prophet (S.A.W) is also mentioned in Quran as:‫ك اَّل َر ۡح َم ًة لِّ ۡـل ٰعلَ ِم ۡي َن‬ِ‫“ َو َم ۤا اَ ۡر َس ۡل ٰن َا‬mercy
for all creations”
• However, the punishments prescribed in Islam are for ensuring collective social
peace, security, justice and deterrence.
Continued:

• Islam requires the obedience and submission not only in belief and mode of worship
but also in ethics, morality, politics, culture, social attitude, laws, economics, national
and international affairs, both in individual and collective spheres. (The concept of
Islam as a Deen).
• Allah has not only prescribed Islam as Divine code of life but has granted freedom of
choice. i.e
“Whosoever wants, he should believe and whosoever wants, he should disbelieve.”
(Surah Kahf)
• Islam revealed as a guidance for mankind: completes material plus spiritual needs.
• The essence: teachings of Quran and those of Sunnah need to nbe implemented in
their totality in the social, economic and political fields. It also implies the
establishment of sovereignty of Allah in the sacred as well as the mundane domains.
َ ِ‫ْب ۛ فِي ِه ۛ هُ ۭ ًدى لِّ ْل ُمتَّق‬
• ٢ ‫ين‬ َ ِ‫ٰ َذل‬
َ ‫ك ْٱل ِكتَ ٰـبُ اَل َري‬
This is the Book! There is no doubt about it—a guide for those mindful ˹of Allah˺, (Al-
Baqarah)
Basic Articles of Islamic Faith:
• ۞ ‫اخ ِر َو ْٱل َملَ ٰـِٓئ َك ِة‬ ِ َٔ‫ب َولَ ٰـ ِك َّن ْٱلبِ َّر َم ْن َءا َم َن بِٱهَّلل ِ َو ْٱليَ ْو ِم ْٱلـ‬
ِ ‫ق َو ْٱل َم ْغ ِر‬ ْ ۟ ‫ْس ْٱلب َّر َأن تُ َو ُّل‬
‫ر‬
ِ ِ ْ
‫ش‬ ‫م‬
َ ‫ٱل‬ ‫ل‬
َ َ ‫ب‬ِ ‫ق‬ ‫م‬
ْ ُ
‫ك‬ َ ‫ه‬‫ُو‬
‫ج‬ ‫و‬
ُ ‫وا‬ ِ َ ‫لَّي‬
ِ ‫َو ْٱل ِكتَ ٰـ‬
‫ب َوٱلنَّبِيِّ ۧـ َن‬
Righteousness is not in turning your faces towards the east or the west. Rather,
the righteous are those who believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Books,
and the prophets; (Al-Baqarah)

Pillars of Islam:
Continued:

• Transactions: include such duties as are required between Man and man.
• Moralities: all those moral excellence which are enjoined in the Quran and in
the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH) i.e sincerity, confidence in Almighty,
humility, keeping worldly passions in bound, giving good counsel and advice,
contentment, liberality, rules, ethical instructions etc.
• Punishments and Penalities: for manslaughter, theft, fornication, drunkenness,
defamation etc.
Islam and basic inquisitions of human life:
• Answers dealing with the questions of basic nature and perplexities
around them:
1) Who is the Creator of Man and the Universe?
2) What is the purpose of Human Existence?
3) What is the objective and purpose of everything?
4) What is the matter of free choice vs destiny?
5) What are man’s social functions?
6) What lies after death? What is hereafter?
Religion vs Deen:
• Dīn (Arabic:‫دين‬, romanized: Dīn, also anglicized as Deen) is an Arabic word with
three general senses: judgment, custom, and religion. It is used by both Muslims
and Arab Christians.
In Islamic terminology, the word refers to the way of life Muslims must adopt to
comply with divine law, encompassing beliefs, character and deeds.[2] The term
appears in the Quran 98 times with different connotations.
• The well-known Islamic scholar, Fazlur Rahman Malik, suggested that Dīn is best
considered as "the way-to-be-followed". In that interpretation, Dīn is the exact
correlate of Shari'a: "whereas Shari'a is the ordaining of the Way and its proper
subject is God, Dīn is the following of that Way, and its subject is man".[14] Thus,
"if we abstract from the Divine and the human points of reference, Shari'a and
Dīn would be identical as far as the 'Way' and its content are concerned".
Continued:
• The term religion comes from both Old French and Anglo-Norman (1200s AD) and means
respect for sense of right, moral obligation, sanctity, what is sacred, reverence for the
gods. It is ultimately derived from the Latin word religiō.
• The word religion is commonly used in a narrow sense, its scope being limited to a sense
of dogmas, rituals for worship and a number of social customs. Thus, religion deals with
individual life only.
• Islam is thus a Deen, while religion is a part of it. It is a complete code of life and
encompasses every aspect of it.
Continued:
Continued:

• ‫يت لَ ُك ُم ٱِإْل ْسلَ ٰـ َم ِدي ۭنًا‬

ُ ‫ض‬ ُ ‫ت لَ ُك ْم ِدينَ ُك ْم َوَأ ْت َم ْم‬
ِ ‫ت َعلَ ْي ُك ْم نِ ْع َمتِى َو َر‬ ُ ‫ۚ ٱليَ ْو َم َأ ْك َم ْل‬
ْ
Today I have perfected your faith for you, completed My favour upon you, and
chosen Islam as your way. (Al-Maidah)
• Importance of Deen in life:
1) Guidance to mankind.
2) Provides a clear path.
3) Leads from darkness to light.
4) Source of wisdom and knowledge.
5) Differentiate between Right and evil.
6) A spiritual cure of modern man.
7) Induces piety and remembrance.
8) Principles of establishment of Justice and order.
9) Sets rules for every aspect of sociopolitical life.
10) Sets principles for hereafter.
Islam as Deen:
• ‫ين ِعن َد ٱهَّلل ِ ٱِإْل ْسلَ ٰـ ُم‬
َ ‫ۗ ِإ َّن ٱل ِّد‬
Certainly, Allah’s only Way is Islam. (Al-Islam)
• ُ‫َو َمن يَ ْبتَ ِغ َغ ْي َر ٱِإْل ْسلَ ٰـ ِم ِدي ۭنًا فَلَن يُ ْقبَ َل ِم ْنه‬
Whoever seeks a way other than Islam, it will never be accepted from them. (Al-
Imran)
• ‫ين ُكلِِّۦه‬ ِ ‫ُظ ِه َرهۥُ َعلَى ٱل ِّد‬ ْ ‫ق لِي‬ِّ ‫ين ْٱل َح‬ِ ‫ى َأرْ َس َل َرسُولَ ۥهُ ِب ْٱلهُ َد ٰى َو ِد‬
ٓ ‫هُ َو ٱلَّ ِذ‬
He is the One Who has sent His Messenger with ˹true˺ guidance and the religion
of truth, making it prevail over all others. (Al-Tawbah)
• ِ ‫ين هَّلِل‬
ُ ‫ون ٱل ِّد‬ َ ‫ۖ َوقَ ٰـ ِتلُوهُ ْم َحتَّ ٰى اَل تَ ُك‬
َ ‫ون ِف ْتنَ ۭةٌ َويَ ُك‬
Fight against them ˹if they persecute you˺ until there is no more persecution, and
˹your˺ devotion will be to Allah ˹alone˺ (Al-Baqarah)
• ‫ين‬ٌ ‫ين آ َمنُوا ا ْد ُخلُوا فِي الس ِّْل ِم َكافَّةً َواَل تَتَّ ِبعُوا ُخطُ َواتِال َّش ْيطَا ِن ۚ ِإنَّهُ لَ ُك ْم َع ُد ٌّو ُم ِب‬
َ ‫يَا َأ ُّيهَا الَّ ِذ‬
O you who believe! Enter into submission (Islam) as a whole and do not follow the
footsteps of Shaitan; surely he is your open enemy. (Surah al-Baqarah)
Difference:

Deen Religion
1) Objective reality as well as relates to collective 1) Subjective experience and concerned
life. with private relationship between God
2) Welfare and progress of entire mankind and Man.
founded upon the Divine law.
2) Establish a communion with Almighty.
3) Deen seeks to make men courageous, daring 3) Induces a perpetual sense of fear and
and self-reliant. seeks the men into conformity.
4) Religion treats the world of matter
4)Enjoins the conquest of matter leads men to with contempt and calls upon men to
immeasurable heights of attainment. It exhorts
him to seek well-being and happiness in this world
renounce it.
and hereafter. 5) Religion encourages belief in fatalism
5) Deen gives man courage to face challenges and and thus prevents the man from active
provides energy for a life of activity and self self development.
development.
Continued:
Deen Religion
6) Deen revolts against all forms of 6) Religion seeks to comfort weak, the
tyranny and persecution. helpless and the oppressed by resigning
them at hands of religious leaders who
profess to interpret the will of God.
7) Deen exhorts men to assert
themselves and struggle perpetually for 7) Religion enjoins religious meditation
the establishment of the Divine Social in the name of worship and thus
Order. induces
 Comparative Analysis of
Islam and other Religions:
Discussion
Q/As
Thank You.
Concept of Tawhid (Monotheism)
• Bedrock of Islam. It affirms the belief in absolute unity and oneness of a unique
transcendent, omnipotent, compassionate and merciful God.
• Tawhid is the religion's central and single most important concept, upon which a
Muslim's entire religious adherence rests. It unequivocally holds that God in Islam
(Arabic: ‫ هللا‬Allāh) is One (Al-ʾAḥad) and Single (Al-Wāḥid).
• ‫َش ِه َد ٱهَّلل ُ َأنَّ ۥهُ ٓاَل ِإلَ ٰـهَ ِإاَّل هُ َو‬
Allah ˹Himself˺ is a Witness that there is no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him
(Al-Imran)
• Achieve peace, mental calm, necessary shelter, security, utter devotion.
• The first part of the Shahada (the Islamic declaration of faith) is the declaration of
belief in the oneness of God.
• God, according to Islam, is a universal God, rather than a local, tribal, or parochial
one—God is an absolute, who integrates all affirmative values and brooks no evil.
Continued:
• Islamic intellectual history can be understood as a gradual unfolding of the manner in which
successive generations of believers have understood the meaning and implications of professing God's
Unity.
• Ayat ul Kursi: (Surah Baqrah: 255)
• Surah Ikhlas
• Essential Derivatives:
1) Realization of contact with God through worship.
2) Belief in revelation granted to specially exalted Prophets.
3) The spirit and essence of revelation is same.
4) Belief in Angels
5) Belief in life after death.
• Comparative analysis of Monotheism, polytheism and atheism:

Influence of atheism in west and its growing influence in Islamic nations.

Impacts of tawhid:
1) Sense of Accountability
2) Purpose of existence
3) Infuses self-respect.
4) Sense of modesty and humility.
5) Imparts consolation, satisfaction and hope.

Impacts of Tawhid on Society:

1) Human equality and social equality. ۚ ‫وا‬ ۟ ُ‫اواَل تَ فَ َّرق‬َ ‫يع‬ ۟ ‫ص ُم‬
ً ۭ ‫وا بِ َحب ِْلٱ هَّلل ِ َج ِم‬ ِ َ‫ٱعت‬ ْ ‫َو‬
2) Islamic unity, Brotherhood, bond and mutual cooperation. ٌ‫ونِإ ْخ َو ۭة‬ َ ُ‫ِإنَّ َما ٱ ْل ُمْؤ ِمن‬
۟ ‫فَ َأصْ لِح‬
ۚ ‫ُوا بَ ي َْنَأ َخ َو ْي ُك ْم‬
3) Collective peace and social justice. ‫ْط َۖواَل‬ ۟ ُ‫وا ُك ون‬
ِ ‫وا قَ ٰ َّو ِم َين هَّلِل ِ ُش هَ َدٓا َء بِ ٱ ْلقِس‬ ۟ ُ‫يَ ٰـَٓأيُّهَ ا ٱ َّل ِذ َين َءامن‬
َ
٨‫ون‬ ۢ ۟ ۟ ۟
ِ‫يَ جْ ِر َمنَّ ُك ْم َش نَـَٔ ُانقَ ْو ٍم َعلَٰ َٓأى اَّل تَ ْع ِدلُوا ۚ ٱ ْع ِدلُوا ُه َو َأ ْق َر ُ ل‬
َ ُ‫ب لتَّ ْق َو ٰ ۖى َوٱتَّقُوا ٱ هَّلل َ ۚ ِإ َّنٱ هَّلل َ َخبِي ٌر بِ َما تَ ْع َمل‬

Reference Articles:
https://www.whyislam.org/islamatheism/
https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/articles/challenge.html
Belief in Risalat (Prophethood):
• Humans as vicegerents of God.
• Choosen human beings.
• Meaning of Risalat
• Nature of prophethood.
• Distinct qualities of the prophets:
1) Humans: ‫( قُ ْلِإنَّ َمٓا َأنَ ۠ا بَ َش ۭ ٌر ِّم ْثلُ ُك ْم‬Al Kahf)
2) Reward of Almighty.
3) Knowledge bestowed by Allah.
4) Infallibility. (incapable of error)
5) Exalted status:
Worthy of obedience
Exegete of book (interpreter)
Master and guide
Leaders and role model
Legislator
Arbiter and judge.
Finality of Prophet (PBUH):
• ‫قُلْ يَ ٰـَٓأيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ِإنِّى َرسُو ُل ٱهَّلل ِ ِإلَ ْي ُك ْم َج ِميعًا‬
Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “O humanity! I am Allah’s Messenger to you all.
َ ‫ان ُم َح َّم ٌد َأبَٓا َأ َح ۢ ٍد ِّمن ِّر َجالِ ُك ْم َولَ ٰـ ِكن َّرس‬
• ‫ُول ٱهَّلل ِ َو َخاتَ َم ٱلنَّبِيِّ ۧـ َن‬ َ ‫ۗ َّما َك‬
Muḥammad is not the father of any of your men,1 but is the Messenger of Allah
and the seal of the prophets.
• Reference from Ahadith:
• Characteristics of finality of Prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH):
1) Universality.
2) Annulment of previous Shariah. ُ ‫َو َمنيَ ْبتَ ِغ َغ ْي َر ٱ ِإْل ْسلَ ٰـ ِم ِدي ۭنًا فَ لَنيُ ْقب َل ِم ْنه‬
3) Perfection: ۚ ۚ ‫ض ُيتلَ ُك ُم ٱ ِإْل ْسلَ ٰـ َم ِدي ۭنًا‬ ِ ‫ٱ ْليَ ْو َم َأ ْك َم ْل ُتلَ ُك ْم ِدينَ ُك ْم َوَأ ْت َم ْم ُت َعلَ ْي ُك ْم نِ ْع َمتِى َو َر‬
4) Protection of Holy Book ٩‫ون‬ َ ُ‫ِإنَّا نَ حْ ُننَ َّز ْلنَا ٱ ل ِّذ ْك َر َوِإنَّا لَ هُۥ لَ َح ٰـفِظ‬
5) Protection of Sunnah
6) Holy place of Mahmud
Continued:
• Basis of our Relation with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
1) Requirement of Faith
2) Required for Divine Obedience
3) Love for the Prophet (PBUH)
4) Eternal and Universal message and our responsibility as Ummah

Reference Articles:
https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/articles/finalprophet.html
https://www.quranproject.org/The-Finality-of-Prophethood-338-d
Belief in Akhirah:
• Belief in Almighty and accepting human accountability before Him in the Hereafter is
the quintessence of Islam.
• Concept of death in Islam.
But repentance is not [accepted] of those who [continue] do evil deeds up until, when
death comes to one of them, he says, “Indeed, I have repented now,” or of those who
die while they are disbelievers. For them We have prepared a painful punishment.”
• Human existence is transitional. Prelude to subsequent and essential stage of human
existence.
• Acknowledge that their existence is due to Almighty.
• Concept of Taqwa.
• Quranic treatment of Hereafter.
• Life After Death: The concept of barzakh (meaning: something that serves as a barrier
between two things)
• Concept of Jannah and Jahanum
Continued:
• Impacts on Individual Life:
1) Responsible and Meaningful approach towards life.
2) Pursuits of selfless and unpretending / humble life.
3) Sense of accountability and promotion of justice.
4) Hereafter is logical culmination of life / sense of eternity.
5) Reward and recompense / purposeful life.
• Impacts on social life:
1) Ideal society
2) Spirit of generosity
3) Spirit of social work
4) Co-operation and brotherhood

Reference Articles:
1)https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zjx7xfr/revision/4#:~:
text=Akhirah%20is%20the%20term%20used,prepare%20them%20for%20eternal%20life
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhirah
Islamic Concept of Ibadah (Worship):
• Baisc Pillars of Islam:
1) Shahdah
2) Salat
3) Fasting
4) Hajj
5) Zakat
Salat:
• Introduction:
َ ۚ ‫صلَ ٰوةَ َك انَ ْت َعلَىٱ ْل ُمْؤ ِمنِ َين ِك تَ ٰـ ۭبًا َّم ْوقُو ۭتًا‬َّ ‫ِإ َّنٱ ل‬
Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times.
• Sirat e Mustaqeem
• Meaning: Bowing, pay homage.
• Importance of Prayer:
1) Quran:
‫وا َم َع ٱ ل ٰ َّر ِك ِع َين‬ ۟ ‫وا ٱ ل َّز َك ٰوةَ َوٱرْ َك ُع‬ ۟ ُ‫صلَ ٰوةَ َو َءات‬
َّ ‫وا ٱ ل‬۟ ‫( َوَأقِي ُم‬Establish prayer, pay alms-tax,1 and bow
down with those who bow down) (Al Baqrah)
١٥٣‫ص ٰـبِ ِر َين‬ َّ ‫صلَ ٰو ِة ۚ ِإ َّنٱ هَّلل َ َم َع ٱ ل‬
َّ ‫صب ِْر َوٱ ل‬ َّ ‫وا بِ ٱ ل‬۟ ُ‫وا ٱ ْستَ ِعين‬
۟ ُ‫( يَ ٰـَٓأيُّهَ ا ٱ َّل ِذ َين َءامن‬O believers! Seek
َ
comfort in patience and prayer. Allah is truly with those who are patient.)
2) Hadith:
Prayer is Miraj for Momin.
• Different Categories of Salah:
Fardh, Wajib, Sunnah, Nafl
• Fardh Al Ayn (Obligation of self)
• Fardh Al Kafayah ( Obligation of sufficiency)

• Wajib: Witr, Eid

• Sunnah:
Sunnah Muakkadah (Practiced on regular basis)
Sunnah Ghyr e Mukadah (practiced on semi regular basis)
• Nafl: Tahhajud, Tasbih, Safar, Tawba, Kusuf, Khusuf.
• Impacts:
Spirtual: Psychological, Taharat, Guard against evil and indecency.
Moral: Value of time, sense of honor, perseverance, Character building.
Social: Social strength, unity, political training, social responsibility
• Ablution ( Surah Maidah 5-6)
• Ghusl ( Surah Nisa 42-43)
Zakat:
• Introduction: 30 times in Quran, mostly in conjunction with the term Salat.
٣‫ُون‬ َ ‫ َوٱ َّل ِذ َين ُه ْم َع ِنٱ لَّ ْغ ِو ُم ْع ِرض‬٢‫ون‬
َ ‫ىص اَل تِ ِه ْم َخ ٰـ ِش ُع‬
َ َ ُ‫قَ ْد َأ ْفلَ َح ٱ ْل ُمْؤ ِمن‬
ِ‫ ٱ َّل ِذ َين ُه ْم ف‬١‫ون‬
‫ون‬َ ُ‫َوٱ َّل ِذ َين ُه ْم لِ ل َّز َك ٰو ِة فَ ٰـ ِعل‬
Successful indeed are the believers:those who humble themselves in prayer; those who avoid idle
talk; those who pay alms-tax;
• Literal meaning: purification, growth and giving better part of a thing
• Concept of property/wealth ownership in Islam
• Importance:
Quran
Hadith:
I have been commanded to fight against people till they testify that there is no God but Allah
and they establish prayer and pay zakat. (Muslim)
• Nisaab: Gold 7.5
Silver 52.5
Wealth 2.5%
Camel 5
Cows 30
Goat 40
• Masarif of Zakat: Surah Tawbah Ayah 60
۞ ٦٠ ‫يم‬ ٌ ِ‫يض ۭ ًة ِّم َنٱ هَّلل ِ ۗ َوٱ هَّلل ُ َعل‬
ٌ ۭ ‫يم َح ِك‬ َ ‫يل فَ ِر‬ َ ِ‫ت ْلفُقَ َرٓا ِء َوٱ ْل َم َس ٰـ ِك ِين َوٱ ْل َع ٰـ ِملِ َين َعلَيْهَ ا َوٱ ْل ُمَؤ لَّفَ ِة قُ لُوبُه ُْم َوفِىٱ لرِّ قَ ِاب َوٱ ْل َغ ٰـ ِر ِم َين َوف‬
ۖ ِ ِ‫ىس بِ ِيلٱ هَّلل ِ َوٱب ِْنٱ ل َّسب‬ َّ ‫ِإنَّ َما ٱ ل‬
ِ‫ص َدقَ ٰـ ُ ل‬

Fuqara: poor
Masakin: Needy
Amilina ilaeha: Zakat collectors
Muallafat al qaloob: to win hearts of people for islam
Fir riqab: To free from servitude
Al Gharmin: Those burdened with debt
Fi Sabililah: I way of Allah
Ibn e Sabil: Wayfarers/travelers
• Need for collective zakat system:
• Impacts of Zakat:
1) Zakat removes greed and inculcate piety.
2) Zakat removes urge for unchecked materialism.
3) Self-Purification
• Moral Impacts:
1) Inculcates passion to strive in way of God.
2) Zakat creates sense of generosity.
3) Purifies heart and property
4) Humanitarian Spirit
• Social Impacts:
Collective welfare
Material Assistance
Defense of religion
Circulation of wealth

Economy of Zakat

References:
https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125920535.pdf
https://humanconcern.org/social-and-economic-benefits-zakat/
Siyam (Fasting):

• Intro: Meaning: To be at rest or to abstain

• Concept of fasting.
• Importance of Fasting
Quran: Surah Baqrah
‫ون‬َ ُ‫ام َك َما ُك تِ َب َعلَىٱ َّل ِذ َين ِمنقَ ْبلِ ُك ْم لَ َعلَّ ُك ْم تَ تَّق‬ ۟ ُ‫يَ ٰـَٓأيُّهَ ا ٱ َّل ِذ َين َءامن‬
ِّ ‫وا ُك تِ َب َعلَ ْي ُك ُم ٱ ل‬
ُ َ‫صي‬ َ
‫اس َوبَيِّنَ ٰ ۢـ ٍت ِّم َنٱ ْلهُ َد ٰى َوٱ ْلفُرْ قَ ِان‬ ‫ُأ‬
ِ َّ‫يه ٱ ْلقُرْ َء ُان ُ ۭه ًدىلِّ لن‬ ِ ‫ض َانٱ َّل ِذ ٓى‬
ِ ِ‫نز َلف‬ َ
َ ‫ۚ ش ْه ُر َر َم‬
(Ramaḍân is the month in which the Quran was revealed as a guide for humanity
with clear proofs of guidance and the standard ˹to distinguish between right and
wrong˺)
Hadith: Fasting is shield for you
• Upon whom fasting is obligatory.
• Breaking fast and its consequences
• Days when fasting is forbidden
• Impacts:
1)Spiritual:
Attainment of piety
Reward in hereafter
Fasting renews faith
Purification
Protection from vice
Rewards
2) Moral:
Develops willpower
Time and discipline
Patience and self control
3) Social
Brotherhood and empathy
Social Congregation
Socioeconomic benefit
Increased Scale of charity
Collective training
Tolerance