Date: 07-01-2023

Team Avalanche
(NTPC Ops)
Welcomes To
Respected Chairperson & All Members of
Professional Circle
At
NTPC Anta
 FLEXIBLE FUEL- GAS TURBINE
OPERATION
(ENABLES FOR SECONDARY FUEL SUBSTITUTE & REDUCED
CABON ENERGY ECOSYSTEM- SWITCH TO HYDROGEN)

Team Avalanche
1. Vinay Chaudhary
2. Nitesh Bhati
3. Bharat Bhushan
Glance
In Present scenario in India , due to statutory compliances to reduce carbon emission , Uncertain
price behavior & availability of conventional energy sources it become tough time for survival of
GAS power stations.
We have arrived at a watershed in the history of energy with the diversification of energy
sources such as renewables and the impact of their evolution on the best energy mix.
“So there is need of primary /secondary alternative fuel or reducing the fuel cost become
necessity.”

Then , Thing that comes into mind is “HYDROGEN” .

Hydrogen is a clean energy source that does not emit CO2 upon combustion.
The accelerated introduction of IT, continued economic development in emerging nations, and
forecast for increased demand, plus reliable technology for control of the highly flammable
element, make hydrogen power generation—clean and abundant—a viable alternative.
Competition among developers of the technology is taking place around the world, where we
engineers are solving a host of issues.
Hydrogen ….?
Hydrogen—atomic number 1.
It’s the first element we learn
about as students.
It forms water, which is
essential for life on Earth, the
planet of water.
It is abundant throughout the
universe.
It is light, rapidly, and burns.
“Burning” forms the foundation
of civilization, because it is a
source of energy.
Energy is essential to our daily
lives, and meeting the world’s
increasing needs, while
reducing CO2 emissions, is a
critical issue of our times.
Generation of Hydrogen
Hydrogen is often described with colors such as green, blue, and grey. These color codes indicate the source or
process of its production.
So, what are they…?

•Blue Hydrogen refers to hydrogen that is also produced from natural gas, but where the resulting C0 ₂ emissions are
reduced by carbon capture and storage.
•Grey Hydrogen is derived from natural gas from fossil sources. Its production by steam reforming results in CO ₂
emissions of about 10 tons CO₂ per 1 ton of hydrogen.
Green Hydrogen- Generation
One established method for generating hydrogen is
Electrolysis of water”.
“

Splitting water follows the following chemical reaction:

H2O → H2 + ½ O2
Electrolysis also requires electrical power to split apart the water
molecules. The amount of power required is defined by the higher
heating value (HHV) of hydrogen divided by the electrolyzer system
efficiency:
Electrolyser Power” = HHV/η

Given the significant growth in the installed base of renewable

power sources, there is potential to use excess renewables to support
some level of a power to hydrogen system. If this happens, there are
benefits to utilizing hydrogen as a combustion fuel, namely a reduction
in carbon emissions
Model consider for Green hydrogen
In the industrial segment, we expect the fertilizer industry, refineries, and iron and steel plants to be the bulk consumers of green hydrogen in the future.
 Majority of the (future) demand centers have only access to solar resources-
Choice of Locations -
The future demand nodes for
hydrogen. The load factor, which
represents the annual availability
of renewable power at the supply
point, of solar and wind plants at
the demand nodes are also
shown.

These solar and wind-resource

rich areas near the demand
nodes would become a
possible supply points of large-
scale cost-effective green
hydrogen in the future.
There are multiple approaches for low carbon or carbon-free fuels, including the use of hydrogen (H2) for power generation. Modern gas turbines are
capable of operating on a wide range of H2 concentrations, with multiple commercial power plants having considerable experience. Thus, gas turbines
operating on hydrogen could provide the needed grid firming while at the same time generating significantly less carbon dioxide emissions & our
requirement for secondary fuel for future.
• H2 blending with natural gas is being considered to reduce CO2 emissions as a near-term alternative to operating on 100%
natural gas. In these cases, the amount of CO2 reduction will be a function of the percentage of H2 in the fuel. The amount or
percent H2 in the fuel can be measured on a volume, mass, or heat input basis
• GAS TURBINE EVOLUTION
Gas turbines have the capability to operate on hydrogen, supporting a variety of industrial applications, including steel mills,
refineries, and petrochemical plants. Below highlights multiple projects that have used fuels with varying concentrations of
hydrogen over the last 20+ years. The following sections provide more details on some of these projects
GT Module Upgradation
P&ID layout-
Challenges of Hydrogen
 Low Heating value - The lower heating value (LHV) of hydrogen is 10.8 MJ/Nm3 (274.7 BTU/scf) or 120
MJ/kg (51,593 BTU/lb). In comparison, the LHV of 100% methane is 35.8 MJ/Nm3 (911.6 BTU/scf) or 50
MJ/kg (21,515 BTU/lb). On a volume basis, hydrogen is one-third less energy dense than methane.

Therefore, it takes 3x more volumetric flow of hydrogen to provide the same heat (energy)
input as methane.

 Flame Speed - In a combustion reaction, the flame velocity or flame speed is the velocity at which the
unburned gases propagate into the flame. The flame speed of hydrogen is an order of magnitude faster than
many hydrocarbon fuels . From a gas turbine perspective, flame speed is an important property used in
determining if a combustor will have issues with the flame propagating upstream from the combustion zone
into the premixing zone (near the fuel nozzles). Once the flame has entered the premixing zone, one of two
phenomena may occur. If the flame’s presence in this region is transient, and the flame quickly returns to the
main section of the combustor, this is called flash back. If instead, the flame anchors in the premixing zone
and does not recede, this is labeled as flame holding. Depending on the fuel, duration and frequency of the
events, flame holding and flashback can be serious combustion events that may damage hardware. Operating
with a fuel that is outside of the OEMs’ fuel specification may lead to a flash back or flame holding event. An
example of damage to a dry low NOx (DLN) fuel nozzle attributed to flame flashback
Typically, combustion systems are configured to operate on a set of fuels that have a defined range of flame speeds. Due to the
significant difference in the flame speeds of methane and hydrogen, combustion systems configured for operating on methane (or
natural gas) may not be suitable for operating on a high hydrogen fuel. In many cases, operating on a high hydrogen fuel requires a
combustor specifically configured for the different combustion conditions.
 Safety - There are additional operational challenges with hydrogen that relate to overall safety. First, a hydrogen flame has low
luminosity and is therefore hard to see visually. This requires flame detection systems specifically configured for hydrogen
flames. Secondly, hydrogen can diffuse through seals that would be considered airtight or impermeable to other gases. Therefore,
traditional sealing systems used with natural gas may need to be replaced with welded connections or other appropriate
components.

High Generation Cost- It is having high initial generation cost, but which is expected to get reduced up to 80% by 2030 as
per recent survey.
 Cost Analysis-
The HHV for hydrogen is 12,756.2 kJ/Nm3 (141,829.6 kJ/kg); this is equivalent to 3.54
kWh/Nm3 (39.39 kWh/kg).

H2 Flow Rate for H2 Flow Rate for Electrolyser Power

Gen Output 100% Blend 5% Blend consumption (MW) @ 5% H2
Gas Turbine blending

MW m3/hour m3/hour η = 65% η = 90%

GE -10 11.2 ~11,700 190 1.035 0.747

Electrolyser Power” = HHV/η
TM 2500 34.3 ~31,800 510 2.778 2.006

6B.03 44 ~43,000 690 3.758 2.714

9F.04 288 ~243,500 3930 21.403 15.458

GE refer doc- GEA33861 May -2018

Way Forward
Electrolysis Output products can be extensively used for various commercial purpose separately like supply to Fertilizer
complex,, Residential gas pipe line, hydrogen vehicle.
Bi product Oxygen play vital role in day to day life , such as COVID. NTPC may step-up its own OXYGEN PLANT
Extensive reducing carbon emission helps us trade carbon credits.
On outsourcing hydrogen gas (subjected to cheaper rate) enable us reduce fuel cost when blended with primary fuel as
per ratio.
we can utilize Govt. motivation (as subsidy ) recently announced for amount up to 18000 CR INR

Our various purposes full filled

 Approaches for minimizing Cost of generation (in longer  Enhancing NTPC brand image.
terms).
 Approaches for fuel security.
 Environmental issues - Waste management.
 Land Optimization.
 Opportunities in trading, ancillary services, O&M services.
 Action Plan for climate change.
 Technology advancement to improve reliability/efficiency
on Plant Life.  Feasibility of renewable energy use in entire power
plant and township
 Sustainability and inclusive growth from NTPC
perspective.
NTPC Initiatives in Hydrogen Technology

NTPC recently signed separate MoUs with three of

its OEMs - Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, GE and
Siemens to explore the possibility of hydrogen
blending at its gas units – Business standard, 4th
Jan 2023.
NTPC starts India’s first green hydrogen blending
project with joint venture with Gujarat gas at
NTPC kawas - Economic times,4th Jan 2023.
NTPC arm buying hydrogen buses for Delhi, Leh-
Times of India, 5th July,2021
THANK
YOU