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Module 1 Lesson 2 - Beam and Trusses

The document provides an introduction to structural analysis of beams and trusses for civil engineers. It discusses key concepts like determinacy, equilibrium, and support reactions. Equilibrium occurs when all external and internal forces sum to zero. To achieve equilibrium, structures require constraints or support reactions to counter external forces. Idealized structures are analyzed using equations requiring the summation of forces and moments to equal zero. Trusses can be determinate, indeterminate, or unstable depending on the number of members and joints. The method of joints and method of sections are outlined for solving truss problems.

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Anthony Jerome Bella
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63 views

Module 1 Lesson 2 - Beam and Trusses

The document provides an introduction to structural analysis of beams and trusses for civil engineers. It discusses key concepts like determinacy, equilibrium, and support reactions. Equilibrium occurs when all external and internal forces sum to zero. To achieve equilibrium, structures require constraints or support reactions to counter external forces. Idealized structures are analyzed using equations requiring the summation of forces and moments to equal zero. Trusses can be determinate, indeterminate, or unstable depending on the number of members and joints. The method of joints and method of sections are outlined for solving truss problems.

Uploaded by

Anthony Jerome Bella
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WELCOME TO

CE131P-2
STRUCTURAL
A N A LY S I S F O R C I V I L
ENGINEERS

ENGR. ANTHONY
JEROME BELLA
MODULE 1 LESSON 2
OBJECTIVES BEAMS AND TRUSSES

| UNDERSTAND Determinacy

Problems Involving Beams and


| DISCUSS Trusses

Equilibrium and Support


| DETERMINE Reactions
EQUILIBRIUM AND SUPPORT REACTIONS

Equilibrium – is a state of balance of all external and internal forces acting on a


free-body diagram. Equilibrium happens when Forces and Moments that tend to
move, rotate or accelerate a system all equate to ZERO.

If a free body diagram is applied with an external force, a “CONSTRAINT”


must be introduced to the system in order to resist the external force and
provide it with equilibrium.

BEAM WILL NOT FALL BEAM WILL NOT


BEAM WILL NOT BE BUT WILL EXPERIENCE ROTATE AND IS NOW IN
ABLE TO SUPPORT ROTATION ABOUT ITS A STATE OF
ITSELF AND WILL FALL FULCRUM POINT EQUILIBRIUM
EQUILIBRIUM AND SUPPORT REACTIONS

In order to have a state of EQUILIBRIUM, SUPPORT REACTIONS ARE


INTRODUCED to a free body diagram.

These reactions counter the external forces by developing an external


reaction
EQUILIBRIUM AND SUPPORT REACTIONS
CREATION of IDEALIZED STRUCTURES
Real life structures are complex, and their analysis involve a lot of complicated
connections and details that may be very hard to analyse using static equations.

It is common practice that structure be converted first to an IDEAL


STRUCTURE where equations of equilibrium can be applied. That is, each
structural element is represented by a single member and their connections are
represented by the CONNECTION types discussed previously.
CREATION of IDEALIZED STRUCTURES
EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM - the general equation of equilibrium states
that all forces must equate to Zero in all possible direction of the system and all
moments(forces that tend to rotate) must be equal to zero
EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM - the general equation of equilibrium states
that all forces must equate to Zero in all possible direction of the system and all
moments(forces that tend to rotate) must be equal to zero
IMPROPER CONSTRAINT – when a structure is determinate, there are
instances that it can still be unstable because of improper constraining of its
support reactions.

1. CONCURRENT SUPPORTS – reactions merge at a concurrent point


2. PARALLEL SUPPORTS – reactions are all parallel
IMPROPER CONSTRAINT – when a structure is determinate, there are
instances that it can still be unstable because of improper constraining of its
support reactions.

1. CONCURRENT SUPPORTS – reactions merge at a concurrent point


2. PARALLEL SUPPORTS – reactions are all parallel
SOLVING EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
1. Check for its determinacy
2. Check for stability
3. Choose a point where Summation of Moment can be done and one or
two of the unknown reactions can be solved. (For every FBD, one
summation of Moment only can be established)
4. Solve for X and Y Forces using Summation of Forces along X and Along
Y.
PROBLEM SOLVING:
PROBLEM SOLVING:
PROBLEM SOLVING:
MODULE 1 LESSON 2 – TRUSSES (planar and spatial)
MODULE 1 LESSON 2 – TRUSSES (planar and spatial)

Different types of trusses


based on configuration
TRUSS BEHAVIORS
DETERMINACY OF TRUSSES

If b + r -2j > 0 (STABLE, STATICALLY


INDETERMINATE)
If b + r -2j = 0 (STABLE, STATICALLY DETERMINATE)
If b + r -2j < 0 (UNSTABLE, TRUSS WILL COLLAPSE)
DETERMINACY SAMPLES
SOLVING TRUSS PROBLEMS
Method of Joints

1. Method of joints involve selecting a particular joint to be solved.


The maximum unknown forces should be 2 or less since only 2 equations can be
established in a joint. (Fx = 0 and Fy = 0)

SOLVING TRUSS PROBLEMS


Method of Sections

1. Method of sections involve cutting the truss along section line, exposing the
axial loads on the truss sections that are cut, and performing three static
equations (Fx, Fy, M = 0)
SOLVING TRUSS PROBLEMS
Method of Joints

1. Method of joints involve selecting a particular joint to be solved.


The maximum unknown forces should be 2 or less since only 2 equations can be
established in a joint. (Fx = 0 and Fy = 0)
SOLVING TRUSS PROBLEMS
Method of Sections

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