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Grade9 CBSE Motion

Motion is defined as a change in position over time. It can be described in terms of distance, displacement, speed, and different types. [1] Distance refers to the total path travelled and is always positive, while displacement considers direction and can be negative. [2] Speed is the rate of change of position and is calculated as distance divided by time. [3] Uniform motion means equal distances are covered in equal times, while non-uniform motion means different distances are covered in the same times.

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61 views40 pages

Grade9 CBSE Motion

Motion is defined as a change in position over time. It can be described in terms of distance, displacement, speed, and different types. [1] Distance refers to the total path travelled and is always positive, while displacement considers direction and can be negative. [2] Speed is the rate of change of position and is calculated as distance divided by time. [3] Uniform motion means equal distances are covered in equal times, while non-uniform motion means different distances are covered in the same times.

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Samarth Katariya
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THE FOLLOWING PICTURES ARE CATEGORISED INTO TWO GROUPS

MOTION
Definition: Examples of motion:
Motion is change of • Moving blades of a fan
position with respect to • Moving car
time. • Tsunami
• Flooded rivers
• Storm
• Rotation of planets
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MOTION
MOTION IN THREE DIMENSIONS
 We describe the position or the location of an object with
respect to a reference point.
That reference point is called the origin.
Motion of ‘A’ with respect to ‘B’ and with
respect to ‘C’
MOTION IS RELATIVE

A person sitting in an airplane is at zero velocity


relative to the airplane, but is moving at the same
velocity as the airplane with respect to the ground.
Rectilinear motion:
Motion which occurs along a straight line is called
‘Rectilinear Motion’.

A body is said to be in linear motion when it travels along a


straight line or along a curved line in a plane.
Example - Athlete running along a straight path.
Rectilinear motion ( is also a type of linear motion) which
can be described by a moving body that travels only along a
straight path. In other words, when a body travels only
along a straight path, it is said to be in rectilinear motion.
Example - Light travels in a rectilinear motion.
SCALAR QUANTITIES AND VECTOR QUANTITIES
To understand the difference between distance and displacement.
Definitions

Distance Displacement
• Distance is the total path • Shortest distance measured
travelled by the object that is in from the initial position of the
motion. object to its final position, is
• It is described only by its known as displacement.
magnitude. • It is described by magnitude and
• Therefore distance is a scalar direction.
quantity. • Hence displacement is a vector
quantity.
One more example to understand distance and displacement:-
WHAT IS AN ODOMETER????
Displacement
• Displacement – difference between an object’s final
position and its starting position.
 Does depend on direction.
• Displacement = final position – initial position
• In order to define displacement, we need directions.
• Examples of directions:
 + and –
 N, S, E, W
 Angles
Displacement
• Example of distance:
 The ant walked 3 cm.
• Example of displacement:
 The ant walked 3 cm EAST.
• An object’s distance travelled, and its
displacement aren’t always the same!
Distance is always positive.
But displacement can be negative.
????
Distance is always positive.
But displacement can be negative.
????

Yes, displacement can be negative.

If you are moving on a straight road, you can set up a coordinate system where going forward is positive and backward is
negative.

Now if you move backward, your displacement will be negative.


Displacement
• Let’s look at the motion of this ant, and this time we’ll find its
displacement.

• Distance: 3 cm
• Displacement: +3 cm
•  The positive gives the ant a direction!
Displacement
• Find the ant’s displacement again.
 Remember, displacement has direction!

• Distance: 3 cm
• Displacement: -3 cm
CAN DISPLACEMENT BE ZERO?????
Some examples from day to day life
where same distance is covered by
different objects in different time:
• Same distance will be covered faster by a car than a
bicycle.
• If the same distance is covered by walking, it will take
still more time.
WHAT IS Speed?

• Speed (s) : Rate at which an • Given a distance, different


object is moving. objects take different time to
• speed = distance / time cover the same distance.
• s = d/t • For example, cycle takes
• Like distance, speed does not more time to cover the same
depend on direction. distance than a car.
• SI unit of speed is m/s • So we can say the speed of
the car is more than that of
the cycle.
Speed

• A car drives 100 meters in 5 seconds.

• What is the car’s speed?


 s = d/t
 s = (100 m) / (5 s) = 20 m/s
AverAge Speed
• Average speed is the distance an object
moves in a certain length of time.

• Average Speed =

• Its units : m/s, cm/s , km/ h


Q1. A tortoise moves a distance of 100 m in 15
minute. What is the average speed in km/hr ?
Q1. A tortoise moves a distance of 100 m in 15
minute. What is the average speed in km/hr ?

Soln.: distance covered by the tortoise = 100m


1 m = 1/1000 km, 100m = 100/1000 = 1/10 km
time taken = 15 minute
1 min = 1/60 hr, 15 min = 15/60 = ¼ hr
Average speed in km/hr = total distance/ total time taken
= 1/10 ÷ ¼ = 1/10 x 4/1 = 0.4 km/hr
Ans. The average speed of the tortoise in km/hr is 0.4km/hr
Q2. A cricket ball covers 60 m in 2 seconds.
Calculate the speed of the ball in km/hr.
Q2. A cricket ball covers 60 m in 2 seconds.
Calculate the speed of the ball in km/hr.
Soln.: distance covered by the ball = 60m
1 m = 1/1000 km, 60m = 60/1000 = 6/100 km
time taken = 2 seconds
1 sec = 1/60 min, 2 sec = 2/60 min
1 min = 1/60 hr, 2/60 min = 2/60 x 1/60 hr
= 2/3600 hr
Average speed in km/hr = total distance/ total time taken
= 6/100 ÷ 2/3600 = 6/100 x 3600/2 = 36 x 3
= 108 km/hr
Ans. The speed of the tortoise in km/hr is 108 km/hr
Pg 102 Q5 During an experiment, a signal from a spaceship
reached the ground station in five minutes. What was the
distance of the spaceship from the ground station? The signal
travels at the speed of light, that is, 3 × m s–1.

Soln.: Time taken for the signal from the spaceship to reach the
ground station = 5 minutes
1min = 60 sec, 5 min = 5 x 60 = 300 seconds.
speed of the signal = speed of light = 3 × m/s.
speed = distance/ time, distance = speed x time
distance of the spaceship = 3 × m/s x 300 s
= 900 x m = 9 x m
Ans Spaceship is at a distance of 9 x m from the ground station.
Q4 A rocket is traveling at 10 km/s. How long does it
take the rocket to travel 30 km?

Soln. : speed of the rocket = 10 km/sec


distance travelled = 30 km
time taken = distance / speed
= 30/10 = 3 seconds
Ans Rocket takes 3 seconds to travel 30 km.
Uniform and non-uniform motion

• Uniform = “Constant”
• The motion in which an object covers
equal distance in equal time interval is called
uniform motion.

• Non-Uniform = “Not Constant”


• The motion in which different distance is covered
in the similar time interval is called non uniform
motion
Watch “UNIFORM MOTION AND NON-UNIFORM
MOTION” ON YouTube.
https://youtu.be/qRR_1Gj6Kzw
Please compare the data given in table 8.1 on pg 100.
RECAP
• What is motion? Examples of indirect evidences of
motion.
• Examples of motion.
• Sunrise, sunset and changing of
• Controlled motion and uncontrolled seasons are the evidences that
motion. earth is moving.
• Motion is always relative. • Movement of trees etc shows
• Motion can be explained by distance train or bus is moving.
and displacement.
• What is rectilinear motion?
• What is distance and displacement?
Recap
What is speed ?
Uniform Motion and Nonuniform Motion
Units of speed

Thank You!!!

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