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Lesson 1B Key Concepts in Ethics

1. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that studies morality and the rightness or wrongness of human conduct. It comes from the Greek word "ethos" meaning character or manners. 2. Key concepts in ethics include the importance of rules for social beings, distinguishing between moral and non-moral standards, the concept of moral dilemmas, and the different levels of moral dilemmas. 3. For morality, freedom of choice is important as it allows humans to choose ethical codes to guide their lives. However, such choices should be guided by reason and impartiality.

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21 views

Lesson 1B Key Concepts in Ethics

1. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that studies morality and the rightness or wrongness of human conduct. It comes from the Greek word "ethos" meaning character or manners. 2. Key concepts in ethics include the importance of rules for social beings, distinguishing between moral and non-moral standards, the concept of moral dilemmas, and the different levels of moral dilemmas. 3. For morality, freedom of choice is important as it allows humans to choose ethical codes to guide their lives. However, such choices should be guided by reason and impartiality.

Uploaded by

Erico Marco Alarcon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson One - B

Key Concepts in
Ethics
Prepared by: Ms. Allison A. Santos
ETHICS is the branch of
philosophy that studies
morality or the rightness or

What is wrongness
conduct.
of human

Ethics?
Morality speaks of a
code or system of behavior
in regards to standards of
right or wrong behavior.
From the Greek word
“ethos” which means
“character” or “manners”.
Key Concepts in Ethics
1. The Importance of Rules to Social Beings

2. Moral Vs. Non-moral Standards

3. Dilemma and Moral Dilemma


Key Concepts in Ethics
4. Three Levels of Moral Dilemmas

5. Only Human Beings Can Be Ethical

6. Freedom as a Foundation of Morality

7. Minimum Requirement for Morality: Reason


dnd Impartiality
1. The Importance of
Rules to Social Beings
1. The Importance of Rules to Social
Beings

B. Rules help to
A. Rules protect
guarantee each
social beings by
person certain
regulating
rights and
behavior.
freedom.
1. The Importance of Rules to Social
Beings

D. Rules are
C. Rules produce
essential for a
a sense of justice
healthy
among social
economic
beings.
system.
2. Moral vs. Non-
moral standards
“Not all rules are moral rules.
That is, not all standards are
moral standards.”
C. NON-MORAL STANDARDS
A. MORALITY - the standards refer to rules that are unrelated to
that a person or a group has moral or ethical considerations.
about what is right and wrong, Either these standards are not
or good and evil. necessarily linked to morality or
by nature lack ethical sense.

B. MORAL STANDARDS
involve the rules people have
about the kinds of actions
they believe are morally right
and wrong.
2. Moral vs. Non-moral
standards C. Moral standards are
not established by
A. Moral standards involve authority figures.
serious wrongs or
B. Moral standards ought
significant benefits
to be preferred to other
values.

F. Moral standards are


D. Moral standards have associated with special
the tract of E. Moral standards are emotions and vocabulary.
universalizability. based on impartial
considerations.
3. Dilemma and Moral
Dilemma
ETHICAL DILEMMAS – also called “moral
dilemmas” are situations in which a difficult
choice has to be made between two courses of
action, either of which entails transgressing a
moral principle.

DILEMMA – refers to a situation in which


a tough choice has to be made between two
or more actions.
3. Dilemma and Moral Dilemma
KEY FEATURES

(a)the agent is required to do each of two (or more) actions;


(b)the agent can do each of the actions, but the agent
cannot do both (or all) of the actions, and
(c) neither of the conflicting moral requirements is
overridden.
4. Three Levels of
Moral Dilemma
4. Three Levels of
Moral Dilemma
A. Personal Dilemmas

 experienced and
resolved on the personal
level.
 it involves ethical
decisions.
4. Three Levels of
Moral Dilemma
B. Organizational Dilemmas

 ethical cases encountered and


resolved by social
organizations
 moral dilemmas in business,
medical field, and public
sector
4. Three Levels of
Moral Dilemma
C. Structural Dilemmas

 cases involving
network of institutions
and operative
theoretical paradigms.
5. Only Human Beings
can be Ethical
5. Only Human Beings can be Ethical

A. Only human beings are B. Only human beings C. Only human beings
rational, autonomous, and can act morally or are part of the moral
self-conscious. immorally. community.
6. Freedom as a
Foundation of Morality
“Choosing is impossible without
freedom”
Morality is a question of choice

Choosing ethical codes, values, or standards to guide


us in our daily lives.
Morality requires and allows choice, which means
the right to choose even differently from our fellows.
7. Minimum
Requirement for
Morality:
Reason and Impartiality
A requirement for
morality entails that
human feelings may be
important in ethical
decisions, but they ought
A. Reason to be guided by reason.
 Sound reasoning helps us
to evaluate whether our
feelings and intuitions
about moral cases are
correct and defensible.
Involves the idea that each
individual’s interests and
POV are equally important.
Also known as
B. Impartiality evenhandedness or fair-
mindedness
It is a principle of justice
holding that decisions ought
to be based on objective
criteria.

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