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Introduction To Vectors and Matrices and Their Operations

This document introduces matrices and vectors. It defines them, provides examples, and explains how to perform basic operations on them including addition, scalar multiplication, dot products, and matrix multiplication. It describes common applications of matrices and vectors in fields like computer science, physics, and economics. The key objectives are to understand matrices and vectors, perform common operations on them, and use them to solve real-world problems.

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ICT CRMNHS
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
72 views

Introduction To Vectors and Matrices and Their Operations

This document introduces matrices and vectors. It defines them, provides examples, and explains how to perform basic operations on them including addition, scalar multiplication, dot products, and matrix multiplication. It describes common applications of matrices and vectors in fields like computer science, physics, and economics. The key objectives are to understand matrices and vectors, perform common operations on them, and use them to solve real-world problems.

Uploaded by

ICT CRMNHS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Vectors
and Matrices and Their
Operations
FEIGI LOUIE D. PEDRERA

1
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Objectives:

• 1. show understanding of the concepts of


matrices and vectors in linear algebra.
• 2. perform basic operations on matrices
and vectors, such as addition, scalar
multiplication, matrix multiplication, and
dot product.
• 3. use matrix and vector operations to
solve real-world problems.

2 2
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Of Matrices and
Vectors
Why do we need to learn them?

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Some Applications…
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COMPUTER SCIENCE: matrices are used in image


processing, machine learning, and computer graphics.
Ve c t o r s a r e u s e d i n m o d e l i n g m o t i o n , r e p r e s e n t i n g d a t a
points, and calculating distances.

PHYSICS: matrices and vectors are essential for


describing quantities, such as forces, velocities,
and electric fields.
ECONOMICS: matrices are used to model
economic systems, analyze input-output
relationships, and solve optimization problems.

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What do they look like?


M a t r i x V S Ve c t o r

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Examples and Notations
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An example of a matrix Vector examples

A matrix containing only one column is called a


MATRIX is an array or table consisting of rows column vector and a matrix containing only
and columns of numbers. one row is called a row vector.
The matrix above have m = 3 rows and n = 4 u is a row vector and v is a column vector.
columns – The matrix A is an 3 x 4 matrix (m x U is a 1 x 3 matrix. V is a 2 x 1 matrix.
n matrix)
The entry of A in the i th row and j th column Notice that we use the uppercase letter to
denote a Matrix and a lowercase letter for a
will be denoted by aij. vector.
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The entry at a24.= 8 6


Matrices
Click provides
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a powerful
style tool in dealing with
systems of linear equations.

• We can let A be coefficient


matrix,
• the output vector b,
• and the augmented matrix [A b]
are:
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Vectors
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to edit be usedtitle
to describe
style physical quantities such
as speed/length with direction (in 2D, 3D, 4D….nD)

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Lets Operate!

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Matrix and Vector Addition
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Or more concisely (assuming that A + B = C), cij = aij + bij


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Matrix and Vector Addition
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Or more concisely (assuming that A + B = C), cij = aij + bij


1111
Matrix and Vector Addition
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Example 1: Vector Addition


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Matrix and Vector Addition
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Example 1: Vector Addition


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Matrix and Vector Addition
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Example 2: Matrix Addition


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Matrix and Vector Addition
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Example 3: Matrix Addition (Subtraction)


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Scalar Multiplication on Vectors and Matrices

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Scalar Multiplication on Vectors and Matrices

Example 4: Matrix Scalar Multiplication


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Scalar Multiplication on Vectors and Matrices

Example 5: Vector Scalar Multiplication


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Dot (Inner) Product for Vectors

To give simpler generalization, we take a look a 1x2 vector:

a = [ax ay] and b = [bx by]

a · b = a x bx + ay by
Note that the product is a scalar (neither a vector nor a matrix) 1919
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Dot (Inner) Product for Vectors
Let a = [5 3] and b = [2 7]

a · b = a x bx + a y by
= 5(2) + 3(7)
= 10 + 21
a · b = 31
Example 6: Dot product of vectors
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Matrix Multiplication
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The product AB is defined only when the number of columns


of A equals the number of rows of B.

(m × n) · (n × p) → m × p
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Matrix Multiplication
Let

Example 7: Matrix Multiplication


2222
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Matrix Multiplication
Let

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Exercises

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Summary
A matrix is an array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. This is
usually used to easily deal with systems of linear equations.
A vector is a type o matrix that either have one row or column.
They can both be used to mathematically describe physical quantities
real-life and therefore have a wide range of application from physics to
economics to computer science.
We can perform operations on vectors and matrices.
For vectors we can:
a. add them
b. Perform scalar multiplication
c. Obtain dot products
For Matrices we can:
a. Add and subtract them
b. Perform scalar multiplication
c. Perform matrix multiplication (column of the first matrix should
be equal to the row of the second matrix)
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Assessment
Answer all the odd numbered
items on the answer sheet
provided by the instructor.

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Assignment
On the next session, submit a
worked-out example of a real-world
problem that uses vector/matrix
operati on. Outputs must include a
complete and detailed soluti on and
some illustrati on or pictures where
applicable. This must be put on an
A4 sheet of paper.

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Thank You!

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