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ROCK

The document describes three basic types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, either underground (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the transformation of existing rocks through changes in pressure and temperature, resulting in recrystallization. The rock cycle describes how rocks continuously transform between these types through geological processes.

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Sainor Mocamad Mautante
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22 views

ROCK

The document describes three basic types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, either underground (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from the transformation of existing rocks through changes in pressure and temperature, resulting in recrystallization. The rock cycle describes how rocks continuously transform between these types through geological processes.

Uploaded by

Sainor Mocamad Mautante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECTIVES

Identify and describe the three basic


type of rocks
Describe what type of environment
each of these rock types are formed
Describe how rocks are transform from
one rock to another through the Rock
cycle
MINERALS
MINERALS
Inorganic
Naturally occurring
These are the building
blocks of rocks
ROCKS
Rocks are generally made
up of two of more
minerals, mixed up
through geological
processes.
Naturally formed
Igneous rocks –rocks that are formed from
the solidification of molten rock material. The
process of solidification involves the formation
of crystalline solids called minerals.
 these are rocks that are derived from the
cooling and solidification of magma or lava
- from solidified molten rock materials,
usually hard and crystalline
- rate of cooling as one of the most
important factors that control crystal size
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

solidified magma underneath the earth


- gradual lowering of temperature is
indicated by the movement of magma from
depth to surface
causing slow cooling /crystallization
- Phaneritic textures
- Examples: granite, diorite
EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

- from solidified lava at or near the surface of


the earth
- fast rate of cooling/crystallization due to
huge variance in the temperature between
Earth’s surface and underneath
 common textures: aphanitic,
porphyritic,vesicular

PUMICE
Sedimentary rocks – rocks that form through the
accumulation, compaction, and cementation of
sediments. Sedimentary rocks form at surface or near
surface conditions.
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – Clastic
sedimentary rocks are made up of pieces (clasts) of
pre-existing rocks.
 grains, matrix and cement are the components of
clastic rocks
 Example: sandstone and shale
NON-CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
 Chemical sedimentary rock which formed when
dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution
 Example: HALITE

 Organic which formed from the accumulation of


animal debris
 Example: COAL
METAMORPHIC ROCK
formed below the surface of the earth
through the process of metamorphism
with the recrystallization of minerals in
rocks due to changes in pressure and
temperature conditions

 Contact Metamorphism = HEAT


 Regional Metamorphism = PRESSURE
Metamorphic rocks – are rocks that
form through the transformation of pre-
existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic rocks) through the
process of METAMORPHISM.
Metamorphism can involve changes in
the physical and chemical properties of
rocks in response to heat, pressure,
and/or chemically active fluids.
2 Basic types of Metamorphic rocks
FOLIATED – Banded or layered texture due to its
exposure of high temperature and pressure
Example: Gneiss, Phyllite, Slate

NON-FOLIATED – Characterized by the absence of


banding or layering and can be observe to have small
or large grain size of minerals
Example: marble & quartzite
ROCK CYCLE

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