WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

TOPIC OUTCOME
LEARNING

• Describe the nature, elements and functions of verbal and

non- verbal communication in various and multicultural
contexts.
 LESSON LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•Define communication
•Discuss how communication has evolved over time
•Describe the nature of communication
•Cite the importance of communication
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

• Communication is generally defined as exchange of

ideas, messages and information between two or more
persons.

• Communication involves the encoding, sending, and

decoding of a message to the desired audience.
 DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION

• Koontz and O’Donnell- “Communication is an

intercourse of words, letters, symbols or messages; and is
a way that one organization member shares meaning and
understanding with another.”

• Newmann and Summer- “Communication is an

exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or
more persons.”
 DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION

• Keyton - “Communication can be defined as the process

of transmitting information and common understanding
from one person to another.”

• Allen Louis A.- “Communication is a sum of all the things

one person does when he wants to create understanding in
the minds of another. It involves a systematic and
continuous process of telling, listening, and
understanding.”
 DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION

• Stoner and Wankel- “Communication is the process by

which people attempt to share meaning via the
transmission of symbolic messages.”
 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION

• Communication is the blood-line of society.

• Communication is basic to success.
• Communication allows you to create networks and build
stronger relationships.
• Communication is everywhere.
• Communication is complex.
• Communication is irreversible.
• Communication is a two-way process
 EXERCISE

• Make an illustration on how communication has evolved

over time (past to present). Afterwards, report and discuss
your output in class.
THE EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

Sender. This is the individual or group that initiates the

conversation.

Receiver. This is to whom the message is directed to.

Channel. This is the medium or means which the sender uses

in sending the desired message
 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

Encoding. This is the process by which the message is

translated in the form of symbols that represent ideas or
concepts.

Decoding. This is the part where the receiver interprets and

analyzes the meaning of the symbols sent by the sender.
 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

Feedback. Aside from being a reply or response, feedback is

also a great way of evaluating the effectiveness of the
communication process. The communication process is
effective if there is a correct feedback.

Message. This is the heart and soul of the communication

process. The message corresponds to the symbols and ideas
that are transferred from the sender to the receiver. The
underlying goal is to have a common and shared
understanding of this message.
 T Y P ES O F C O M M U N I C AT I O N A CC O R D I N G TO T H E
N U M B E R O F P EO P LE INVOLVED

•Intrapersonal Communication
•Interpersonal Communication
•Group Communication
•Public Communication
•Mass Communication
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Intrapersonal Communication.
The communication is done from
within. It is centered on
communicating with the self. For
this type of communication, you
are the only sender - receiver.
Messages mostly include personal
thoughts and feelings.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Interpersonal Communication
refers to the type of
communication done between
two people. This may also
include more than two people.
• The different elements of the
communication process comes
into play in this type of
communication. There is a sender
and receiver. Messages are
transmitted from one person to
another through verbal and non-
verbal communication.
GROUP COMMUNICATION

• Group Communication is also

referred to as “small group
communication.” For this type of
communication, there are several
senders and receivers of
messages. Examples of group
communication are highly evident
especially in a work setting,
where interaction with other
people to solve problems is
essential.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

• Public Communication this type

may be better defined in terms of
the relationship between the
sender and the receiver. In this
type, the person speaks in front of
an audience in a one- directional
flow.
MASS COMMUNICATION

• Mass Communication refers to public

communication transmitted
electronically. Through this, different
messages are sent across billions of
people all over the globe. To make this
possible, different means of
communication are used such as
newspapers, radio, television, and the
internet
 T Y P ES O F C O M M U N I C AT I O N A CC O R D I N G TO T H E
M ED I U M E M P LO Y E D

Verbal Communication Non-verbal Communication

•Written Communication •Kinesics

•Oral Communication •Haptics

•Vocalics
•Proxemics
•Personal Presentation and
Environment
VERBAL

 Verbal Communication refers to the

type of communication that makes use
of words. Anything that is uttered orally
or written through the use of words
constitute verbal communication.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING

TO THE MEDIUM EMPLOYED
 VERBAL Specific Types:
1. Oral Communication
 Message is transmitted through
spoken words. You talk to send a
message across and you listen to
understand the meaning
communicated by other people. Oral
communication takes place, not only
in face-to-face communication, but
also through other mediums, such as
televisions, radios, and telephones
wherein words are spoken to send
meaning.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING

TO THE MEDIUM EMPLOYED
 VERBAL Specific Types:
1. Written Communication
 written communication makes use of
written signs or symbols. Message is read
to be understood. Written communication
can either be handwritten, printed, or
shown on screen. Examples of written
communication can be found in letters,
reports, e-mails, etc.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING

TO THE MEDIUM EMPLOYED
 Non-verbal Communication refers
to how we communicate using
wordless messages. Instead of using
words, may it be spoken orally or
written, message is conveyed
through signs and symbols.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING

TO THE MEDIUM EMPLOYED
 Non-verbal Communication is
manifested through a person’s
gesture, posture, tone of voice,
facial expressions, etc.
 It is extremely important to be
conscious with your non-verbal
communication since it may
contradict your verbal messages.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING

TO THE MEDIUM EMPLOYED
"
 KINESICS
1. Kinesics. This is the study of how our own body
movement and facial expressions communicate different
meanings.
• The way people sit or stand
• Any swaying or other movement
• Gestures with their arms or hands
• Eye contact (or lack thereof)
• Breathing rate
• Swallowing or coughing
• Blushing
• Fidgeting

FIVE TYPES OF NON-VERBAL

COMMUNICATION
 HAPTICS

2.. Haptics. This is the study of

touch. This includes actions such
as handshakes, kisses, and hugs.
How you touch other people may
show your relationship with the
person.

TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

 VOCALIC
S

3.. Vocalics. This is

communicating through the use
of your voice such as your rate or
speed of talking, volume of your
voice, the rising and falling of
your intonation.

TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

4. Proxemics refers to the study of space and PROXEMICS
how it affects communication.
 We all have our own definitions of our
“personal space”, and this may depend on the
context and the relationship that we have with other
people.
a. Intimate space - we share this space with our loved
ones and closest friends.
b. Personal space - we share this space with our
friends and acquaintances.
c. Social Space - we share this space with people we
are with in social events and gatherings.
d. Public space - we share this space with people when
we are in public spaces such as streets, markets, and
airports.
Personal Presentation and Environment.
Your personal presentation is the manner by which
your present yourself, how you look, how you
dress, and your characteristics. These are all
parts of how people understand and accept the
messages that you try to send.

TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

1. Relevance. An important consideration in sending your message is the value or relevance of your
message to your receiver.
2. Be positive. Formulate your message with an open and positive attitude.
3. Choose the best medium. An equally important principle in communication is the medium, the
means that a speaker or a writer use, as channel of communication.
4. Study your audience. It is a must that a speaker or writer knows the audience or reader.
5. Be enthusiastic. Enthusiasm is a very important quality of a speaker or writer.
6. Maintain an intense focus. To be effective , a speaker or writer should be fired with intense
feeling or be passionate.
 THE ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Honesty. This quality is very important for communication

to succeed. Webster defines honesty as the act, quality, or condition of being truthful.
2. Openness to other view. Your willingness to be open to views, which differ or even run against
your ideas, is one crucial factor for communication to succeed.
3. Commitment. Webster presents an interesting definition of commitment, being bound
emotionally/intellectually to a course of action or to another person. Commitment is a promise or
agreement to do something. It is also a state of being pledged or engaged.
4. Build consensus. Consensus is a general agreement among the members of a given group or
community, each of which exercises some discretion in decision-making.
 MINUTE PAPER

• Cite the importance of communication in the different

aspects of your life.