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Hyper Car

A hypercar is an ultralight, low-drag hybrid electric vehicle that aims to significantly reduce energy losses and emissions compared to conventional cars. It uses advanced composite materials and efficient hybrid electric drivetrains to achieve high fuel efficiency and low weight. While hypercars do not currently exist, their strategies could lead to fuel consumption reductions of 25% or more by 2020 if adopted more widely.

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Achintha dayan Weerasinghe
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13 views

Hyper Car

A hypercar is an ultralight, low-drag hybrid electric vehicle that aims to significantly reduce energy losses and emissions compared to conventional cars. It uses advanced composite materials and efficient hybrid electric drivetrains to achieve high fuel efficiency and low weight. While hypercars do not currently exist, their strategies could lead to fuel consumption reductions of 25% or more by 2020 if adopted more widely.

Uploaded by

Achintha dayan Weerasinghe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hypercar

Pollution Prevention
Michelle Bates
What is a Hypercar?
• Ultralight, Low-Drag, Hybrid-Electric Vehicle
(HEV)
• 2 Sources of energy:
– Fuel cells, gas turbines, diesels, lean burn gasoline
engines
– Flywheels, batteries, ultracapacitors
• 2 Drive trains
– Internal Combustion Engine- gas or alt. fuels
– Battery driven electric
Drivesystems
• Conventional
– Internal combustion engine coupled to wheels
through the transmission, driveshaft, etc.
• Hybrid-Electric
– Engine (or other power source) generates
electricity from fuel, which then powers electric
motors that turn the wheels
Six Main Sources of Energy Loss
in a Conventional Car:
Hypercar Strategies to Reduce
Energy Losses
• Ultralight
– 1994 Average U.S. Passenger car 1439 kg
– 2000-2005 Hypercar (4-5 seat) 521 kg
• Low Aerodynamic Drag
• Hybrid-Electric Drivesystem
• Efficient Accessories
Ultralight
• Composites
– Embed strong reinforcing fibers in a supporting "matrix"
of polymer
• Advanced Composites
– Long or continuous reinforcing fibers such as carbon or
aramid (kevlar) in addition to glass
Advanced Composite Materials
• Advantages • Disadvantages
- 50-65% reduction in - $
weight
- Crashworthy
- Design Flexibility
- Durability
- Manufacturing
GM’s 1991 Ultralite Concept Car
Mass Decompounding
Low-Drag Aerodynamic Design
• Smooth underbody
• Low-angle windshields
• Tapered rear end
• Minimized body seams
• Aerodynamically designed air intakes,
suspension, and wheel wells
• Result: 40-50% decrease in drag
Rolling Resistance
• 1/3 engine output lost
• Solution
– lightweight car
– tire improvements
– improved wheel
bearing and brake
design
• Reduction in rolling
resistance by 50-80%
Hybrid-Electric Drive
• Series • Parallel
– Engine with generator – Direct mechanical
to supply electricity for connection between
battery pack and hybrid power unit and
electric motor wheels
– No mechanical – Electric motor drives
connection the wheels
– Power transferred – Example
electrically to wheel
motor
Hybrid-Electric Drive
Series

Parallel
Hybrid-Electric Drive
• Generate electricity
from the fuel, powers
wheel motors
• Electric motors can
recover part of the
braking energy

Wheel Motor
Hybrid-Electric Drive
• Large decrease in engine size
– reduces weight, cost, fuel consumption

• Drive system efficiency doubled


Efficient Accessories
• Avoid heat buildup by using:
– Insulation, special heat-reflecting glass, solar-
powered vent fans
– Innovative cooling and dehumidification systems
– Improved headlights and taillights
• More efficient electronics and interior
lighting systems
Hypercar
Whole Systems Approach
• Optimizing parts individually results in
inefficiency overall
• Hypercar is cost effective when the entire
system is designed for efficiency
Hypercar Safety
• Advanced composites
• Smaller propulsion system
– room at both ends of the car for materials
dedicated to crash energy management
• Front and side airbags, harnesses with
pretensioners and stress-limiters, padding,
active headrests
Pollution Prevention
• Hypercars would go roughly 2-4 times
farther on a unit of fuel
– decreased overall carbon dioxide emissions
– lower emissions per vehicle mile traveled
• Alternative fuels
Fuel Efficiency
Life Cycle Assessment
• Advanced Composites are durable
– won’t rust, dent or chip
• Total weight is much less, so there is less
pure waste produced
Current Status
• Hypercars do not currently exist
• Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) do exist
• Chrysler, Ford and GM
– Year 2000 prototype HEVs
– Year 2003 release HEVs on the U.S. market
• Department of Energy HEV Propulsion
Program
– Funds 50% of development costs
Toyota’s Hybrid-Electric Prius
Sedan
• Japanese market for one year
• Not ultralight (weighs 330 lbs. more)
• 66 miles per gallon
• Emissions reduced to 1/10th the
Japanese legal requirement
• U.S. market year 2000
Toyota Prius Toyota Camry
1.5-liter, 16 2.2-liter, 16
Engine valve, 4-cyl valve, 4-cyl
Engine 58 hp at 4,000 136 hp at 5,200
Output rpm rpm
Fuel
Efficiency 66 mpg 23 mpg
Max.
Range 850 miles 500 miles
ABS Standard Optional
Price ~$20,000 $17,873
Future Projections
• Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEVs)
– One tenth of new cars sold in five U.S. states by
2004
• Half of all vehicles Hypercars by 2020

– Overall fuel consumption 25 percent less than


today's level
Battery Electric Cars vs. Hybrid-
Electric Cars
• Battery Electric
– Run on electricity stored in
onboard batteries
– Gasoline contains 100 times
more energy per pound than
batteries
– Several thousand pounds of
batteries (mass compounding)
– Range less than 150 miles
Battery Electric Cars vs. Hybrid-
Electric Cars
• Battery-Electric
– Batteries must be
replaced every few
years
– Batteries cost $2000-
$15,000 each
– Batteries not recyclable
– Emission shifting
GM’s EV1
Battery Electric Cars vs. Hybrid-
Electric Cars
• Hybrid-Electric Cars
– Wheels powered by electric motor or motors,
convert fuel into energy as they go
– Alternative fuel sources (Ex: renewable fuel
cells)
– Decrease carbon dioxide emissions
– Increased engine and drive systems efficiency
– Mass decompounding
Economic Impacts: The Winners
• Makers of power electronics, microelectronics,
advanced electric motors and small engines,
alternative power plants and storage devices, and
software
• Composite materials, structures, and tooling and
manufacturing equipment suppliers
• Providers of polymers, fibers, coatings, and adhesives
for the composites industry
• Aerospace firms
Economic Impacts: Losers
• Iron and steel industries (a Hypercar has
92% less iron and steel)
• Heavy machine tools
• Oil for motor fuel
• Automotive fluids and lubricants
For More Information
• The Hypercar Center
– www.hypercarcenter.org
• Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program
– www.hev.doe.gov
• Rocky Mountain Institute
– www.rmi.org
• Toyota Prius
– www.toyota.com

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