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Islam I

The document summarizes the origins and key beliefs of Islam. It describes how Muhammad received revelations from God and established the religion's core principles of monotheism, five pillars of faith, and sharia law. It then outlines how Islam expanded rapidly under the early caliphs to encompass the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe.

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21 views

Islam I

The document summarizes the origins and key beliefs of Islam. It describes how Muhammad received revelations from God and established the religion's core principles of monotheism, five pillars of faith, and sharia law. It then outlines how Islam expanded rapidly under the early caliphs to encompass the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe.

Uploaded by

MangoTea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Muslim World

Chapter XIV
Section 1
Page 345-352
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
Wrote Jungle Book
I keep six honest serving-men
(they taught me all I knew);
There names are What
and Why and When
and How and Where and Who
Arabia
 Peninsula
 Southwestern Asia
 Desert
 Scattered Oases
 Irrigation
 Bedouins – nomadic herders
 Clans
Mecca
 An Oasis Town
 A crossroads of Caravan Routes
 Arabia to Syria
 Arabia to Palestine
 Home of the Kaaba
Holy ka'ba during changing its cover
Historical picture of ka'ba taken 1880
Muhammad
 Born in Mecca 570
 Orphaned at 6
 Educated
 Bedouin Shepherd
 Caravan Leader
 Successful Merchant
 Married Khadija, a wealthy widow - 595
The Call of Muhammad
 Age of 40 (610)
 Spiritual Seeking
 Cave
 The Voice of Gabriel
 Islam – “submission”
 Allah – “god”
The Hijra
 622 Hijra from Mecca to Yathrib
 Threatened by Merchants
 The first year on the Muslim Calendar
 Welcomed in Medina
 God’s Prophet
 Ruler & Lawgiver
 Arab Unity
 632 Death of Muhammad
The Al-Masjid al-Nabawi is Islam's second most sacred site;
the Green dome in the background stands above
Muhammad's tomb
Islam
 Montheistic
 Quran (Arabic)
 God is all-powerful & compassionate
 People are responsible for themselves
 Individual, final judgment
 Heaven & Hell
 No Priests (Imams)
Five Pillars
1. Declaration of Faith
 There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is
the messenger of Allah.
2. Daily Prayer
 Facing Mecca
 Five Times Daily
 Mosques
Five Pillars
3. Charity
4. Fasting
 Sunup to Sundown Ramadan
5. Hajj
 Pilgrimage to Mecca
 Visit the Kaaba
Jihad
 Possible Sixth Pillar
 Struggle for Service to Allah
 Interpreted in Different Ways
 Spiritual Effort
 Terrorism against Non-Muslims
The Quran
 The sacred word of Allah as revealed to
Muhammad in the Cave
 The final authority for Muslims
 As written in Arabic
 Converts must learn Arabic
 Sets harsh penalties for crimes
Muslim Perspective
 One god
 Islam, Christianity, Judaism
 One revelation
 Quran, Bible, Torah
 “People of the Book”
Islamic Culture
 Sharia
 Commentaries on the Quran
 Moral Conduct
 Family Life
 Business Practice
 Government
 Unity
 No separation of “church and state”
Other Sacred Writings
 Hadith
 Quotes from Muhammad
 Events of his life
 Commentary on the Quran
 Less Authoritative
 Social & Legal Guides
 Biographies of Muhammad
 Commentaries
Women and Islam
 Spiritual Equality
 Greater protection under Islamic Law
 Consent to Marriage
 Inheritance
 Education
 Veiling & Seclusion
 Especially upper class women
Expansion
 Caliph – successor to Muhammad
 Abu Bakr
 First Four Caliphs
 Syria & Palestine
 Damascus & Jerusalem
 Persia
 Egypt
 North Africa
Expansion
 711 Crossed the Strait of Gibraltar
 Spain & France
 732 Defeated at Battle of Tours
 Charlemagne
 Byzantine Empire
 Constantinople
Imperial Policies
 Initial Toleration
 No religious hierarchy
 No priests
 Emphasis on Arts & Sciences
 Architecture
 Literature
 Music

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