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Computer Fundamentals - Aditya Raj

This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals including: 1) It defines a computer system as consisting of hardware, software, and users. The hardware processes data and returns information with the help of software instructions. 2) Software includes system software and application software that provide step-by-step instructions to the computer. 3) Computers offer advantages like speed, accuracy, storage capacity, and the ability to perform repetitive tasks diligently. 4) The main components of a computer system are described including the CPU, keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner and various types of storage media.

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anant raj
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54 views

Computer Fundamentals - Aditya Raj

This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals including: 1) It defines a computer system as consisting of hardware, software, and users. The hardware processes data and returns information with the help of software instructions. 2) Software includes system software and application software that provide step-by-step instructions to the computer. 3) Computers offer advantages like speed, accuracy, storage capacity, and the ability to perform repetitive tasks diligently. 4) The main components of a computer system are described including the CPU, keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner and various types of storage media.

Uploaded by

anant raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals

Presented By: Submitted To:


Aditya Raj Ms. Divya Goyal
6-C
Aptech Limited
A Computer System

User
• Hardware
• Software
Hardware
• User
Software

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A Computer System (Contd.)

• In general, a computer is a machine


which accepts data, processes it and
returns new information as output.

Processing

Data Information

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Software

• Software is set of programs (which


are step by step instructions) telling
the computer how to process data.

• Softwares can be divided into two


groups:
- System SW
- Application SW

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Advantages of Using Computers

• Speed: Computers can carry out


instructions in less than a millionth of a second.

• Accuracy : Computers can do the calculations


without errors and very accurately.

• Diligence : Computers are capable of


performing any task given to them repetitively.

• Storage Capacity : Computers can store


large volume of data and information on
magnetic media.
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Types of Computers

On the basis of Computing Power &


Size:
• Laptop / Palmtop
• Micro Computer / Desktop
• Mini Computer / Mainframe
• Super Computer

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CPU ( Central Processing Unit)

• The central processing unit (CPU), also


known as just a "processor”, is the
"brain"
of your computer.

• It contains various electronic circuits.

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Keyboard

• The keyboard looks like a typewriter.

• It contains all the letters of the alphabet,


numbers and some special symbols.

• It operates like a typewriter keypad, but


instead of moving an arm, which strikes the
paper, it sends an electronic impulse to the
computer, which displays a character on the
monitor.

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Mouse

• Its a device that is used to control the


computer.
A cable connects the mouse to the computer.

• When the mouse is moved on a pad, called a


mouse pad, the cursor on the screen moves.

• A cursor is a small symbol displayed on the


computer screen (normally a diagonal arrow
that
is used as a pointer) that shows you what the
mouse is referencing on the screen.
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Printer

• A printer is designed to output information


from a computer onto a piece of paper.

• There are three kinds of printers:


dot matrix, laser, and inkjet.

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Scanner

• A scanner is a device used to copy an image off


paper and convert it into a digital image, which
can be saved as a computer file and stored on a
hard drive.

• Scanners can also use a special kind of


technology called Optical Character Recognition
(OCR) to read text from paper and save it as an
editable document file

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A Look Inside the CPU ..

power
supply CD-
ROM
drive
floppy
drive
cards
hard
drive

motherboard
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A Look Inside the CPU ..

RAM

Motherboard

Hard Drive
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CPU

• The central processing unit or (CPU) is the "brain"


of your computer. It contains the electronic circuits
that cause the computer to follow instructions from
memory.

• The CPU contains three main parts, all housed


in a single package (Chip):
• Control Unit (CU)
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• Memory

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Major Peripherals

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Hard Disk
• Floppy Disk
• CD ROM
• Printer
• Scanner
• Joystick

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What is Operating System

✔OS is system software, which may be viewed


as collection of software consisting of
procedures for operating the computer.

✔It provides an environment for execution of


programs (application software).

✔It’s an interface between user & computer.


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Computer Machine
(Hardware)

Machine Language
(Low Level Language)

Operating System

Human Understandable
Language (High Level
Language)

User / Programmer

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A Second Classification
This Classification is based on the type of interface Operating System
provides for the user to work in.

✔Character User Interface (CUI)


The User has to type the commands on the command prompt to get the work
completed.
Ex. DOS, UNIX.

✔Graphical User Interface (GUI)


The User need not type any commands. He/She
just point and clicks on the desired Icon to get the
work done.
Ex. Windows (9X, XP, NT, 2000), Linux.

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Windows Operating System Hierarchy

• MS-DOS 1.x (1986)


• Windows 3.0 (1990)
• Windows NT (1993)
• Windows 95 (1995)
• Windows 98 (1998)
• Windows Millennium (2000)
• Windows 2000 Server Family (2000)
• Windows Xp (2001)
• Windows 2003 Server (2003)
• Windows Vista (2007)
• Windows 2008 Server (2008)
• Windows 7 (2009)
• Windows 8 (2012)
• Windows 8.1 (2013)

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Thank You

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