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Movement Into and Out of Cells

Movement Into and Out of Cells The document discusses diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration down a concentration gradient due to random movement. Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from higher to lower water potential. Active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient from low to high concentration by using energy from respiration.

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Faiaz Ahmed
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51 views

Movement Into and Out of Cells

Movement Into and Out of Cells The document discusses diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration down a concentration gradient due to random movement. Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from higher to lower water potential. Active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient from low to high concentration by using energy from respiration.

Uploaded by

Faiaz Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Movement Into and Out of Cells

Syllabus: diffusion and osmosis


• 3.1 Diffusion and osmosis
1 Describe the role of water as a solvent in organisms with reference to digestion,
excretion and transport
2 Understand that the energy for diffusion and osmosis comes from the kinetic energy
of random movement of molecules and ions
3 Understand diffusion as the net movement of molecules or ions from a region of their
higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration (i.e. down a concentration
gradient), as a result of their random movement
4 Investigate the factors that influence diffusion, limited to: surface area, temperature,
concentration gradient and distance
5 Understand osmosis as the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher
water potential to a region of lower water potential, through a partially permeable
membrane
6 Understand that plants are supported by the pressure of water inside the cells
pressing outwards on the cell wall
7 Describe the effects of osmosis on plant and animal tissues and explain the
importance of water potential gradient and osmosis in the uptake and loss of
water
8 Investigate and explain the effects on plant tissues of immersing them in
solutions of different concentrations, using the terms turgid, turgor pressure,
plasmolysis and flaccid
9 Investigate osmosis using materials such as dialysis tubing
• 3.2 Active transport
1. Understand active transport as the movement of molecules or ions into or
out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of their lower
concentration to a region of their higher concentration(i.e. against a
concentration gradient), using energy released during respiration
2. Explain the importance of active transport in ion uptake by root hair cells
Role of Water
Digestion: dissolving and mixing of food
Excretion: Urine is mostly water

Transport in humans: Transport of


substances around the body happens
through blood which is mostly made of
Plasma

Transport in plants: sucrose is also


transported in a dissolved form
The net movement of
molecules/ions from a
region of their higher
concentration to a
region of their lower
concentration down a
concentration
gradient, as a result of
their random
movement
Energy for diffusion and osmosis comes from the kinetic energy of
molecules
Factors affecting diffusion
1. Surface area: larger surface area of the cell membrane means faster
diffusion.
2. Temperature: rate of diffusion directly proportional to temperature
increase. This is because the kinetic energy is higher
3. Gradient: Higher gradient means faster diffusion as the
concentration difference is higher
4. Distance: longer distance means slower diffusion as it will take more
time for molecules to travel further
Definition of Osmosis
• Osmosis is the net
movement of water
molecules from a region
of higher water potential
to a region of lower
water potential, through
a partially permeable
membrane
• Net: Water goes in and
out of cells
Plant cells
Visking/dialysis tubing ( lab experiment )
What is active transport
Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions into or out of a cell
through the cell membrane, from a region of their lower concentration to a
region of their higher concentration(i.e. against a concentration gradient), using
energy released during respiration
• Why is it active? -energy
• Why does it need energy?
- Against gradient
• Example? -Root hair cell
• Who is helping? -Transport
protein
Practice questions

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