Differentiate the two picture.

FOUNDATIO
N PLAN
Foundation- is the part of
the building below the
surface of the ground which
is sometimes called the
structure.

Footing- is an expansion at
the lower end of a wall, pier
or column to distribute the
load into the ground.
Truss - is the framework, typically
consisting of rafters, posts, and
struts, supporting a roof, bridge,
or other structure.
Mono Truss - is a truss has only
one slope as opposed two (half of
a common truss).
Beam - is a long, sturdy piece of
squared timber or metal spanning
an opening or part of a building,
usually to support the roof or
floor above.
Joist - is a length of timber or steel
supporting part of the structure of a
building, typically arranged in parallel
series to support a floor or ceiling.
Lateral Bracing - refers to any piece
(wood or metal) on a bridge that help
keep the top chord from bending
horizontally.
Schedule Bracing - is a structural
member, such as a beam or prop, used
to reinforced a framework, such a
supporting beam in a building
Foundation Plan

is a plan view drawing, in section,

showing the location and size of
footings, piers, columns, foundation
walls, and supporting beams.
is drawn from information presented on the
floor plan, plot plan, and elevation
plan drawings.
Design of Foundation
The design of the foundation is based on the site investigation. It is the
result of determining the soil surface or condition of the soil.

DRILLING- is the most suitable way of determining soil condition.

TEST PITS- refers to area bored or drilled.

Design of Foundation
Laying –out and staking
The process of establishing
the point of building
outline or perimeter on the
ground. It includes
demolition, clearing, and
establishing building
measurements on the
ground
Design of Foundation
Excavation and Backfilling
a. Shallow excavation-
includes wall footings and
column footings whether
they are combines or
independent wherein
digging of the soil extend
to 1.5 meters
Design of Foundation
Excavation and Backfilling
b. Deep excavation- is for
large buildings projects,
requires almost total
extraction of the soil at
the site.
Design of Foundation
Backfilling is the filling in
of the excavated portion
after the foundation has
been laid out.
Causes of movement in foundation
1. Soil bearing capacity 2 failure or deflection of
failure the foundation of the
structure
Factors to Consider in Planning Foundation
Plan
1.Home location
2.Climate
3.Soil Condition
4.Area humidity
5.Budget
Parts of the Foundation Plan
1. Basement Foundation
- is the most expensive foundation type
- begins with a hole of at least eight feet deep to accommodate an
underground living space whose floor space matches most or all of
the home’s ground level. You’ll place structural foundation walls on
concrete footings that run the perimeter of the basement. Those
footings need to be placed at least 12 inches below previously
undisturbed soil and at least 12 inches below the frost line. You’ll
then pour beams, erect foundation walls, and pour a cement slab
inside the walls.
2. Crawlspace Stem Walls
-They form a space that’s exactly as
it sounds: a slightly elevated space
below a house through which you
can crawl, and often provides
enough room for storage, a
furnace, and other equipment.
3. Concrete Slab Foundations
- sometimes called a monolithic or monoslab
foundation, is a flat concrete slab that rests on
the ground and is poured in one single piece.
- they’re less expensive and quicker to
construct.
4. Wood Foundations
it became a popular choice in the 1960s.
Builders will use preservative-treated wood
that is resistant to decay
easy ,faster and less expensive to install
used in completely dry soil
5. Pier and Beam Foundations
-the best way to anchor a home above soil
that’s constantly shifting, flooding, or
eroding
You’ll often find them in areas prone to
hurricane conditions or major flooding.
Steps to Create a Foundation Drawing
• Select location of structure
• Select scale for your drawing
• From the floor plan, locate outline of foundation
walls
• Draw foundation walls, columns and piers
• Use breaks in the walls to indicate doors,
windows, vents and access holes
• Draw footings for foundation walls, then for columns
and piers, and finally for chimneys and fireplaces
• If required, draw supporting beam with centerline
symbol
• Display direction, spacing and size of floor trusses or
joists
• Add in necessary dimensions and sections
• Letter required notes
• Shade wall drawings
Types of Footings
Strip footing is a component of
shallow foundation which distributes
the weight of a load-bearing wall
across the area of the ground. It is
also known as wall footing.

This type of footing is commonly

used as foundations of load-bearing
walls where the soil is of good
bearing capacity.
Types of Footings
2. Spread Footing

As the name suggests, a spread is

given under the base of the
foundation so that the load of the
structure is distributed on wide area
of the soil in such a way that the safe
bearing capacity of soil is not
exceeded.
Types of Footings
3. Isolated Footings
These types of footings may be
square, circular, or individually
rectangular slab of uniform thickness,
provided under each column.
Types of Footings
• 4. Stepped Footings
• The main purpose of using stepped
footing is to keep the metal columns
 away from direct contact with soil
to save them from corrosive effects.
This type of footing is used to carry
the load of metal columns and
transmit this load to the below
ground.
Types of Footings
5. Combined Footings
When two or more columns are
supported by a footing it is called
combined footing. This type of footing
may be rectangular or trapezoidal in
plan. 
• When columns are close to each other and their
individual footings overlap.
• Soil having low bearing capacity and requires more
area under individual footing.
• The column end is situated near the property line and
the footing can not be extended.
Types of Footings
6. Strap Footing
• In this type of footing, the outer and
inner column is connected by a
strap beam, does not transfer any
load to the soil.
Types of Footings
• 7. Raft Foundation
• This foundation covers the entire area
under the structure. This foundation
has only RCC slab covering the whole
area or slab and beam together.
• These types of footing are adopted
when heavy structures are to be
constructed on soft made-up ground or
marshy sites with uncertain behavior. 
Raft foundation is also known as mat
foundation.
Types of Footings
8. Sloped Footing Or Trapezoidal
Footing
These types of footing having a
sloping top or side faces are known as
sloped footings. They are useful in the
construction of formwork.