WELCOME TO

RES100-11
METHODS OF
RESEARCH

ENGR. ANTHONY
JEROME BELLA
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 –
RESEARCH SKILLS,
OBJECTIVES CONCEPTUAL AND
ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
| UNDERSTAND Methods in Research

| DISCUSS Research Skills

Research Ethics and Philisophical

| SOLVE Frameworks
MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK

RESEARCH has three key characteristics or points:

1) the investigation is carried out systematically, therefore the investigation is planned,

2) research is intended to add to the body of knowledge and in doing so assists our
understanding about complex issues,
3) research is a process, carried out in stages.
MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
RESEARCH starts with an idea while RESEARCH QUESTIONS are sets of
specific goals that limits what you want to realize or attain in the IDEA in
mind.

Below is the general format of the research process:

MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
The Research process is divided into groups of STAGES, namely
MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
STAGE 1or STEP 1 – CONCEPTUALIZE THE STUDY

This starts with the idea creation to literature review:

MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
STAGE 1or STEP 1 – CONCEPTUALIZE THE STUDY
Sub-steps Description Example

Identify the research problem The research question or the statement of Main Objective –
the problem is composed of the main
objective and the specific objective. Specific Objectives -
Review of related Literature Literature review enlightens the researcher Related Lit -
on the extent of studies that have already
conducted in the research area, the
approach that have been used, and the
research gap between known and the
unknown facts.
Refining the statement of the problem After you have reviewed existing related Refined Statement of the Problem -
literature or existing studies, you can now
identify the research gaps in the area of
your research interest. With this, you can
narrow down and be more specific about
your topic and eventually refine your
research question.
MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
STAGE 2or STEP 2 – PLAN OF THE STUDY

Includes developing the design, target population and data methodology to

use:
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
STAGE 2or STEP 2 – PLAN OF THE STUDY

Includes developing the design, target population and data methodology to

use:
Sub-steps Description Example

Developing the design of the study The design of the study will be dictated by the concept of the study or the
research questions, which can be either qualitative or quantitative design.
Quantitative research pertains to the study in which the data gathered
were through direct counting, statistics and measurement
Qualitative research pertains to those studies where the data were
gathered through the use of questionnaires, surveys and observations.

Target Population The population refers to the group of concern in which the results of the study Related Lit -
will be applicable.

Model to use Basically, quantitative information cannot be collected with the use of Refined Statement of the
feedback forms or consultations, and qualitative information cannot be Problem -
gathered through actual counting or measurement. The most commonly used
methods of data gathering are through the use of questionnaires, feedback
forms and observation. Other method which is usually used in scientific or
engineering research includes actual experiment or through the usage of
computer software.
MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
STAGE 3 OR STEP 3 – CONDUCTING THE STUDY

Includes data collection, processing and conclusion:

 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
STAGE 3 OR STEP 3 – CONDUCTING THE STUDY

Includes data collection, processing and conclusion:

Sub-steps Description Example

Data Collection Actual process of gathering the data either thru survey, questionnaire or
experiment

Data Processing Way of determining the results of the gathered data in answering the Related Lit -
questions of the research statement or the problem. It is normally utilized
with the use of a statistical method to determine if the results are really
significant.
Conclusion Drawing up conclusion must be based from the results of the data analysis and Refined Statement of the
on the overall understanding of the researcher on the research study and on Problem -
the process of conducting the research.
MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
STAGE 4 – STUDY WRITE-UPS

Includes the overall documentation of the research process

 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
STAGE 4 – STUDY WRITE-UPS

Includes the overall documentation of the research process

Sub-steps Description Example

Study Write-ups Writing up the study is basically the documentation and the narrative of the
whole step-by-step research process conducted by the researcher, starting
from the very beginning, which is the conceptualization of the research topic,
up to the drawing of conclusions.
MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
THE STAGES OF RESEARCH CAN ALSO BE GROUP BASED ON
WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE Research Framework:
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
THE STAGES OF RESEARCH CAN ALSO BE GROUP BASED ON
WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE Research Framework:
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
CREATING THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

RESEARCH
IDEA OBJECTIVES
STATEMENT
A set of goals or
Idea, concept or A specific statement
aims that outlines
any existing or question that
HOW will you
problem you may contains WHAT is
intend to achieve
want to explore the goal of the
the goal of the
in your research research
research statement.
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
CREATING THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
A visual guide on how to create
research objectives

These objectives are the basic process

that the research will adapt in order to
achieve the research goal

This must not consist of any statement

that is reviewing the research literature,
data gathering methods , explaining the
methodology that will be used in the
research.
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
CREATING THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

It is important to locate good research in conducting literature search; you need to be more careful. You should take into
consideration these following aspects in order to produce good literature.
 
1. Check the date of publication and verify it is an up-to-date publication. Your literature mirrors the current status
quo in the field that your research is revolving at, so it must be published not later than 5 years on the year of
conduction of the research.
2. Verify the credentials of the authors. You must check the qualifications and expertise that this/these author/s have to
build confidence in your study. Establish whether they are or they do not have a reputation to the field.
3. Check the credentials of the place where the work was published.
4. Read and try to be critical in reading literature to see the value of this study in your research.
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
THE RESEARCH SKILLS – are a set of skills or characters technically
applicable in managing a research project
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
Research skills are not developed all at once, instead they are enhanced
and learned through what we call research phases:

Within each phase are a set of skills that are expected to be developed

Five Phases of the Research

Process
1 Conception
2 Realization
3 Investigation
4 Interpretation
5 Utilization
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
THE RESEARCH SKILLS – are a set of skills or characters technically
applicable in managing a research project

CONCEPTION - Involves formation of ideas.

- Research ideas, statement or question may develop through
constantly thinking and reflecting issues, research studies and
theories.
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
THE RESEARCH SKILLS – are a set of skills or characters technically
applicable in managing a research project

REALIZATION - Determining if the research topic is reliable, doable or

attainable.
- Planning and organizing also involves identifying the source of
needed data and financially prepared for travel, field work,
interviewees and interpreters expenses, and other research
materials.
 
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
THE RESEARCH SKILLS – are a set of skills or characters technically
applicable in managing a research project

INVESTIGATI - Interpersonal skill is developing in this phase wherein the

researchers enhance their communication, understanding,
ON valuing the rights of informants and observing ethical issues.
- This skill focuses on issues like preparing the right setting for the
interview, making the interviewee comfortable and ensuring a
well-organized methodology on recording the information from
interview
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
THE RESEARCH SKILLS – are a set of skills or characters technically
applicable in managing a research project

INTERPRETAT - Interpretation of the skill of understanding or analyzing

collected data from review of related literature or the data
ION gathered itself. It is also where the researcher will determine if
data is valid, falsified or may need additional more info.
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
THE RESEARCH SKILLS – are a set of skills or characters technically
applicable in managing a research project

UTILIZATION - Researchers develop writing skills regularly. As continually

writing and reading the research paper, the structure may
change, improve and will attain a good structure of research
paper.
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK

The PHASES OF RESEARCH and their

relationship with one another.
Shown are the skills that connect one phase
to another of a research stage.
 MODULE 1 LESSON 1 – RESEARCH
SKILLS, CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL
FRAMEWORK
HOW TO TURN RESEARCH IDEAS INTO
RESEARCH PROCESS? The key to determining if a research idea can be converted to a research
process is by answering the question:
What is the focus of my research project?
TEST OF RESEARCHABILITY:
The test of researchability includes
1. availability of the time needed and financial capacity of the researcher, and the accessibility of
the necessary data to carry out the research project.
2. The importance of testing the research idea is to determine and help the researcher decide from
the start whether it is worth trying to develop the research idea to come up with the research
paper.
3. If any of the tests take difficulty, then the research idea may not be researchable. The research
idea may be too ambitious and cannot be finished in a specified time, too costly for the
availability of the budget, or the data needed to perform the research is not accessible or
attainable.