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Compressor

This document discusses different types of compressors. It describes compressors as machines that increase gas pressure through confinement or kinetic energy conversion. It identifies the basic parts of a compressor as the compressor pump, piston, and receiver. It outlines the main types of compressors as positive displacement and dynamic, with positive displacement further divided into reciprocating and rotary, and dynamic divided into centrifugal and axial. It provides examples of applications and discusses optimization of compressor efficiency and load-following.

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Chatlyn Kyle Reyes
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views

Compressor

This document discusses different types of compressors. It describes compressors as machines that increase gas pressure through confinement or kinetic energy conversion. It identifies the basic parts of a compressor as the compressor pump, piston, and receiver. It outlines the main types of compressors as positive displacement and dynamic, with positive displacement further divided into reciprocating and rotary, and dynamic divided into centrifugal and axial. It provides examples of applications and discusses optimization of compressor efficiency and load-following.

Uploaded by

Chatlyn Kyle Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPRESSOR

C O N T R O L A N D O P T I M I Z AT I O N
Group 5
Compressor
Compressors are gas transportation machines that perform the
function of increasing the gas pressure by confinement or by
kinetic energy conversion.
Working Principle
Air compressors work by forcing air into a
container and pressurizing it. Then, the air
is forced through an opening in the tank,
where pressure builds up. Think of it like
an open balloon: the compressed air can
be used as energy as it’s released.
Basic Parts / Components
Compressor Pump
The pump compresses the air and discharges it Into the receiver.

The Piston
As the piston in the pump cylinder moves downward, air enters the large cylinder through the filter and air
Intake valves at atmospheric pressure.

The Receiver
As the piston moves upward, it compresses the air and discharges it into the receiver through a check
valve.
Type of Compressors

Reciprocating
Positive
Displacement
Rotary

Centrifugal
Dynamic
Axial
Positive
Displacement

Positive displacement air compressors force air in


a chamber where the volume is decreased to
compress the air.
A piston (reciprocating) compressor
uses pistons controlled by a
crankshaft to deliver the gas at high
pressure. These are typically found Reciprocating
at smaller worksites and aren’t Compressor
designed for continuous use.
Single Stage

TWO TYPES OF PISTON COMPRESSOR


Two Stage
Rotary Compressor

Rotary Screw

Rotary Vane
Dynamic

Dynamic displacement compressors utilize a


rotating blade powered by an engine to generate
airflow. The air is then restricted to create
pressure, and the kinetic energy is stored within
the compressor.
Centrifugal
Compressor
Centrifugal, or radial compressors, work by
bringing air into the center through a rotating
impeller, which is then pushed forward through
centrifugal, or outward, force. By slowing the flow
of air through a diffuser, more kinetic energy is
generated.
Axial Compressor
Axial compressors use a series of turbine blades to
generate air, forcing it through a small area.
Although similar to other bladed compressors, axial
compressors operate with stationary blades which
slow airflow, increasing pressure.
Characteristic Curves
Positive-displacement compressors pressurize gases through confinement.
Dynamic compressors pressurize them by

acceleration. The axial compressor moves the gas parallel to the shaft. In th
e case of the centrifugal compressor, the gas receives a radial thrust toward
the wall of the casing where it is discharged.

The axial compressor is better suited for constant flow applications, wherea
s the centrifugal design is more applicable for constant pressure application
s. This is because the characteristic curve of the axial design is steep, and th
at of the centrifugal design is flat (Figure 8.15e). The characteristic curve of
a compressor plots its discharge pressure as a function of flow, and the loa
d curve relates the system pressure to the system flow. The operating points
( L1 or L2 inFigure 8.15e) are the intersections of these curves. The
normal operating region falls between the low and the high
demand load curves in Figure 8.15e.

Axial compressors are more efficient; centrifugal ones are


better suited for dirty or corrosive services.
Applications
HVAC Systems Refrigeration Industrial Processes

Power Generation Pneumatic Tools Aerospace Industry


Sample Accident involving the operation of the
Compressor
Problem: Overheating of Reciprocating Compressor
In a manufacturing facility, a reciprocating compressor used for air compression experienced an overheating issue during
operation. The compressor was responsible for supplying compressed air to various production processes in the facility.

Cause: The overheating of the compressor was primarily caused by inadequate cooling and insufficient lubrication.

Consequences:
• Reduced Efficiency
• Potential Equipment Damage
• Safety Risks
OPTIMIZED LOAD-FOLLOWING

When a compressor is supplying gas


to several parallel users, the goal of
optimization is to satisfy all users
with the minimum investment of
energy.
OPTIMIZATION OF EFFICIENCY

The load distribution can be computer-


optimized by calculating compressor
efficiencies (in units of flow per unit power)
and loading the units in the order of their
efficiencies. The same goal can be achieved if
the operator manually adjusts the ratio settings
of FFIC-01 and -02.
Q&A
It is a gas transportation machine that
performs the function of increasing the gas
pressure by confinement or by kinetic energy
conversion.
As the ________ in the pump cylinder
moves downward, air enters the large
cylinder through the filter and air
Intake valves at atmospheric pressure.
A compressor which uses a series
of turbine blades to generate air,
forcing it through a small area.
Also called radial compressor
which works by bringing air into
the center through a rotating
impeller. It operates with
stationary blades which slow
airflow, increasing pressure.
A compressor which uses pistons
controlled by a crankshaft to
deliver the gas at high pressure.
These are typically found at
smaller worksites and aren’t
designed for continuous use.
Give the 3 basic parts of
Compressor.
Give the 2 main types of
Compressor.
ONLINE:
Eusebio, D. (2020) How Air Compressors Work: An Animated
Guide retrieved from https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/how-air-
compressors-work

Guha, R. & Mondal, F. (2021) What are Compressors? retrieved


from https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/how-air-compressors-work

References Quincy (2021) How Do Air Compressors Work? retrieved from


https://www.quincycompressor.com/how-do-air-compressors-work/
#:~:text=The%20compressor%20draws%20in%20air,is%20called%20the
%20duty%20cycle.

GIVEN REFERENCE:
PPT Presentation retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DQNwWIuKthFJO8hTzwTwfzHO41ZA
iSlz/view?usp=sharing

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