Advanced Stat

Section: G-9 Kapnayan

Fernando D. Rodriguez
Teacher III
THE t-Test
 “
“It’s never your abilities that limit your
achievements, It’s your beliefs about what
you can achieve”
Denis Gorce-Bourge

3
 OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the steps in the structure of t-test using the
Stepwise method.
2. Formulate the null (H0) and alternative (H1) hypotheses of a
given scenario.
3. Used t-test in hypothesis testing.

4
 ACTIVITY 1
JUMBLED LETTERS (GAME) USING
ONLINE APP MENTI (ICT)
PLEASE GO TO WWW.MENTI.COM
Use Code: 856851

5
 REVIEW OF TERMINOLOGIES
Review of Terminologies
 
A statistical hypothesis is an assumption about the value of a
population parameter.

Hypothesis testing is the process of testing the validity of the

6
 REVIEW OF TERMINOLOGIES
Review of Terminologies
 
Null Hypothesis, H0
This is a statement about a parameter of the population which is initially, or
conventionally believed to be true. It is denoted by H0.

Alternative Hypothesis , H1
It is any other hypothesis when the null hypothesis is rejected. It is denoted by , H1.

7
 REVIEW OF TERMINOLOGIES
Review of Terminologies
 
Level of Significance
It is the largest probability of wrongly rejecting H0 (when H0 is in fact true). In other words,
it refers to how much error we allow to wrongly reject H0.

If the level of significance is 5%, then there is a probability of 0.05 that we reject H0 when
H0 is in fact true.
(We are 95% confident that we would make the right decision.)

8
TYPE OF TESTS

9
 Activity 2: Formulating Hypothesis
Formulate the Null and Alternative Hypothesis.
1. A random sample of JC students was each given an IQ test to
decide whether JC students have a mean IQ of 100 or greater
than 100.
2. Suppose that, according to national standards, 5 year old children of
height 87.5 – 92.5 cm have a mean weight of 13 kg. The weights of a
random sample of 5 year old children of height 87.5 – 92.5 cm are
collected. Are 5 year old children of height 87.5 – 92.5 cm below
average weight for their height?

10
 Activity 2: Formulating Hypothesis
Formulate the Null and Alternative Hypothesis.

3. A machine produces components of mean length 10 cm if set up correctly. A

4. The principal of a school claims that the mean „A‟ Level score
of all its students is at least 80. Has the principal overstated the
mean?

11
 ACTIVITY 3
Activity 3: Guessing Game
Arrange the following steps from the first step up to the last step! Number
your answers from 1 up to 6.
 
Level of Significance Problem Conclusion
Statistics Decision Rule Hypothesis

12
THE t-TEST for
Two Independent
Samples

13
 t-Test Formula
 

14
 EXAMPLE:
MALE (X1) FEMALE (X2)
The following are the scores of 10 14 12
male and 10 female Grade 9 students 18 9
in Statistics exam. Test the null 17 11
hypothesis that there is no significant 16 5
difference between the performance 4 10
of male and female grade 9 Students 14 3
in the said test. Use the t-test at .05 12 7
level of significance. 10 2
9 6
17 13

15
Solution: MALE (X1) FEMALE (X2)
X1 X 12 X2 X22
14 196 12 144
18 324 9 81
17 289 11 121
16 256 5 25
4 16 10 100
14 196 3 9
12 144 7 49
10 100 2 4
9 81 6 36
17 289 13 169
78

   
   
16
 

17
  
t-Test

18
 Solving by STEPWISE
METHOD
▹  

19
 Solving by STEPWISE
METHOD

▹  

20
 Solving by STEPWISE
METHOD

Solving by Stepwise Method:

IV. Statistics: t-test for two independent samples

21
 Solving by STEPWISE
METHOD
Solving by Stepwise Method:
VI. Conclusion: Since the t-computed value of 2.88 is greater than t-tabular
value of 2.101 at .05 level of significance with 18 degrees of freedom, the null
hypothesis is rejected in favor of the research hypothesis. This means that
there is a significant difference between the performance of male and female
AB students in spelling. It implies that the male perform better than the female
students considering that the mean/average score of the male students of
13.1 is greater compared to the average score of female students of only 7.8.

22
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the steps in the structure of t-Test using
the Stepwise Method?
2. What data are needed to use t-Test in hypothesis
testing?

23
1. How the Covid-19 pandemic has change
our lives?
2. What are the different Apps or Online
Tools used by your teacher in Statistics to
connect, teach and guide you?
(Google Apps like Google Classroom,
Google Forms, Google Slides, Google
Sheets, Menti, Youtube and more)

24
25
 DID YOU KNOW THAT?
Pharmaceutical industry
must perform many hypothesis tests on new drug
products before they are deemed to be safe and effective
by the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In
these instances, the drug is hypothesized to be both
unsafe and ineffective. Then, if the sample results from
the studies performed provide “significant” evidence to
the contrary, the FDA will allow the company to market
the drug.

26
 DID YOU KNOW THAT?

Like in COVID 19 Vaccines, it underwent

27
KEY TAKEAWAYS
A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if there is a
significant difference between the means of two groups, which may be related
in certain features.
The t-test is one of many tests used for the purpose of hypothesis testing in
statistics.
Calculating a t-test requires three key data values. They include the
difference between the mean values from each data set (called the mean
difference), the standard deviation of each group, and the number of data values
of each group.

28
ASSIGNMEN
T
Assignment:
 
Compare hypothesis testing at 5% level of significance‟ and 10% level of significance‟,
which is a stricter test? Explain why.
 

29
 THANKS!

Any questions?
You can find me at [email protected]

Ferdz Dimafelix Rodriguez

FerdzR Channel
30