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Structural-Analysis Ch6

1) The chapter objectives are to determine forces in truss members using the method of joints and method of sections, and to analyze forces in frames and machines. 2) The chapter outline covers simple trusses, the method of joints, zero-force members, and the method of sections. 3) The method of joints uses equilibrium equations to solve for unknown member forces at each joint of a truss. The method of sections uses equilibrium equations and cutting the truss to solve for internal member forces.

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DANTON JAY SIBAY
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14 views

Structural-Analysis Ch6

1) The chapter objectives are to determine forces in truss members using the method of joints and method of sections, and to analyze forces in frames and machines. 2) The chapter outline covers simple trusses, the method of joints, zero-force members, and the method of sections. 3) The method of joints uses equilibrium equations to solve for unknown member forces at each joint of a truss. The method of sections uses equilibrium equations and cutting the truss to solve for internal member forces.

Uploaded by

DANTON JAY SIBAY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Mechanics:

Statics in SI Units, 12e

6 Structural Analysis
Chapter Objectives

• Determine the forces in the members of a truss using


the method of joints and the method of sections
• Analyze forces acting on the members of frames and
machines composed of pin-connected members
Chapter Outline

1. Simple Trusses
2. The Method of Joints
3. Zero-Force Members
4. The Method of Sections
6.1 Simple Trusses

• A truss composed of slender members joined together


at their end points
Planar Trusses
• Planar trusses used to support roofs and bridges
• Roof load is transmitted to the truss at joints by means
of a series of purlins
6.1 Simple Trusses

Planar Trusses
• The analysis of the forces developed in the truss
members is 2D
• Similar to roof truss, the bridge truss loading is also
coplanar
6.1 Simple Trusses

Assumptions for Design


1. “All loadings are applied at the joint”
- Weight of the members neglected
2. “The members are joined together by smooth pins”
- Assume connections provided the center lines of the

joining members are concurrent


6.1 Simple Trusses

Simple Truss
• Form of a truss must be rigid to prevent collapse
• The simplest form that is rigid or stable is a triangle
6.2 The Method of Joints

• For truss, we need to know the force in each members


• Forces in the members are internal forces
• For external force members, equations of equilibrium
can be applied
• Force system acting at each joint is coplanar and
concurrent
• ∑Fx = 0 and ∑Fy = 0 must be satisfied for equilibrium
6.2 The Method of Joints

Procedure for Analysis


• Draw the FBD with at least 1 known and 2 unknown
forces
• Find the external reactions at the truss support
• Determine the correct sense of the member
• Orient the x and y axes
• Apply ∑Fx = 0 and ∑Fy = 0
• Use known force to analyze the unknown forces
Example 6.1

Determine the force in each member of the truss and


indicate whether the members are in tension or
compression.
Solution

• 2 unknown member forces at joint B


• 1 unknown reaction force at joint C
• 2 unknown member forces and 2 unknown reaction
forces at point A

For Joint B,
   Fx  0;
500 N  FBC sin 45 N  0  FBC  707.1N (C )
   Fy  0;
FBC cos 45 N  FBA  0  FBA  500 N (T )
Solution

For Joint C,
   Fx  0;
 FCA  707.1 cos 45 N  0  FCA  500 N (T )
   Fy  0;
C y  707.1sin 45 N  0  C y  500 N

For Joint A,
   Fx  0;
500 N  Ax  0  Ax  500 N
   Fy  0;
500 N  Ay  0  Ay  500 N
Solution

• FBD of each pin shows the effect of all the connected


members and external forces applied to the pin
• FBD of each member shows only the effect of the end
pins on the member
Problem 1:

The truss, used to support a balcony, is subjected to


the loading shown. Approximate each joint as a pin
and determine the force in each member. State
whether the members are in tension or compression.
Set :
P1 = 3 kN
P2 = 2 kN
6.3 Zero-Force Members

• Method of joints is simplified using zero-force


members
• Zero-force members is supports with no loading
• In general, when 3 members form a truss joint, the 3rd
member is a zero-force member provided no external
force or support reaction is applied to the joint
Example 6.4

Using the method of joints, determine all the zero-force


members of the Fink roof truss. Assume all joints are pin
connected.
Solution

For Joint G,

   Fy  0  FGC  0

GC is a zero-force member.

For Joint D,
 Fx  0  FDF  0

DF is a zero-force member.
Solution

For Joint F,
   Fy  0  FFC cos  0
  90 , FFC  0

FC is a zero-force member.

For Joint B,
   Fx  0  FBH  2
Solution

FHC satisfy ∑Fy = 0 and therefore HC is not a zero-force


member.
6.4 The Method of Sections

• Used to determine the loadings within a body


• If a body is in equilibrium, any part of the body is in
equilibrium
• To find forces within members, an imaginary section is
used to cut each member into 2 and expose each
internal force as external
6.4 The Method of Sections

• Consider the truss and section a-a as shown


• Member forces are equal and opposite to those acting
on the other part – Newton’s Law
6.4 The Method of Sections

Procedure for Analysis


Free-Body Diagram
• Decide the section of the truss
• Determine the truss’s external reactions
• Use equilibrium equations to solve member forces at
the cut session
• Draw FBD of the sectioned truss which has the least
number of forces acting on it
• Find the sense of an unknown member force
6.4 The Method of Sections

Procedure for Analysis


Equations of Equilibrium
• Summed moments about a point
• Find the 3rd unknown force from moment equation
Example 6.5

Determine the force in members GE, GC, and BC of the


truss. Indicate whether the members are in tension or
compression.
Solution

• Choose section a-a since it cuts through the three


members
• Draw FBD of the entire truss
   Fx  0; 400 N  Ax  0  Ax  400 N
 M A  0;  1200 N (8m)  400 N (3m)  D y (12m)  0  D y  900 N
   Fy  0; Ay  1200 N  900 N  0  Ay  300 N
Solution

• Draw FBD for the section portion


 M G  0;  300 N (4m)  400 N (3m)  FBC (3m)  0  FBC  800 N (T )
 M C  0;  300 N (8m)  FGE (3m)  0  FGE  800 N (C )
3
   Fy  0; 300 N  FGC  0  FGC  500 N (T )
5

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