Chapter 1

Chapter 1:
Networking with Microsoft
Windows 2000 Server
 Learning Objectives
Chapter 1

■ Plan what network model to apply to

your network
■ Compare the differences between
Windows 2000 Professional, Server,
Advanced Server, and Datacenter
■ Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a
server operating system
Learning Objectives (continued)
Chapter 1

■ Explain the new features in Windows

2000
■ Describe the file systems that are
compatible with Windows 2000 and
choose the file system that is right for
your server
 Basic Network Concepts
Chapter 1

■ Network Operating System (NOS)

◆ Software that enables computer users to
share computer equipment, software, and
data, voice, and video transmissions
■ Network
◆A communications system that enables
computer users to share computer
equipment, software, and data, voice, and
video transmissions
 Basic Network Concepts
Chapter 1

■ Client
◆A computer that accesses resources on
another computer via a network or by a
direct connection
 Basic Network Concepts
Chapter 1

■ Workstation
◆A computer that has its own CPU and may
be used as a standalone computer for word
processing, spreadsheet creation, or other
software applications. It also may be used
to access another computer such as a
mainframe computer or file server, as long
as the necessary network hardware and
software are installed.
 Peer-to-Peer Network Model
Chapter 1

■ Peer-to-peer network
◆A network where any computer can
communicate with other networked
computers on an equal or peer-like basis
without going through an intermediary,
such as a server or host.
◆ Often used in very small organizations,
such as a two to ten person office.
A Simple Peer-to-peer Network
Chapter 1

Hub

Figure 1-2 A simple peer-to-peer network without a server

 Advantages of Peer-to-Peer
Networking Chapter 1

■ A group of computers can share files,

folders, and printers
■ Peer-to-peer networking is easy to set
up
■ Supports using workgroups
◆A Microsoft workgroup is a number of
users who share drive and printer
resources in an independent peer-to-peer
relationship.
 Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer
Networking Chapter 1

■ Offers only moderate network security

■ No centralized storage or account
management
■ Not effective for complex network
management
■ Not optimized for simultaneous access
by over 9 or 10 computers
 Server-Based Network Model
Chapter 1

■ Server-based network
◆A model in which access to the network, to
resources, and the management of
resources is accomplished through one or
more servers.
◆ Used particularly in medium and large
organizations.
 A Server-Based Network
Chapter 1

W in d o w s 3 .1 1
W in d o w s 2 0 0 0 S e r v e r
W in d o w s 9 5

C o n n e c tin g h u b
W in d o w s N T W o r k s ta tio n 4 .0
M a c in to s h

W in d o w s 2 0 0 0 P r o fe s s io n a l

U N IX
W in d o w s 9 8

Figure 1-3 A server-based network

 Advantages of the
Server-Based Model Chapter 1

■ Provides extensive multiuser access to

resources
■ Ideal for coordinated server and
network management
■ Provides robust security to network
resources
■ Contributes to fast network performance
 Disadvantages of the
Server-Based Model Chapter 1

■ Generally requires more advanced

planning than peer-to-peer networking
■ Can be more complex to set up than
peer-to-peer networking
Using Windows 2000 Server in a
Server-Based Model Chapter 1

■ Enables extensive file, folder, and

printer sharing
■ Access to resources can be centralized,
decentralized, or a combination of both
■ Provides robust management of
software applications
■ Provides a strong platform for e-mail,
Web services, and e-commerce
Using Windows 2000 Server in a
Server-Based Model (continued) Chapter 1

■ Enables coordinated backups of

network data resources
■ Sharing of computer resources can be
arranged to reflect the work patterns of
groups within an organization
■ Server administration can save time
and money when installing software and
software upgrades
 Total Cost of Ownership
Chapter 1

■ Total Cost of Ownership: The cost of

installing and maintaining computers
and equipment on a network, which
includes hardware, software,
maintenance, and support costs.
 Windows 2000 Professional
Chapter 1

■ Designed for workstation use

■ Used with Windows 2000 Server to
reduce the TCO
■ Supports up to two processors
■ Handles up to 4 GB of RAM
 Windows 2000 Server
Chapter 1

■ A full featured server operating system

■ Supports up to four processors
■ Handles up to 4 GB of RAM
■ Offers a wide range of services and
user connectivity options
 Example Windows 2000 Server
Services Chapter 1

■ Handles virtually unlimited user

connections (depending on the
hardware)
■ Active Directory management
■ Network management
■ Web-based management services
■ Network-wide security management
 Example Windows 2000 Server
Services (continued) Chapter 1

■ Network storage management

■ Remote network access
■ Terminal services
■ Distributed file services
■ High-speed network connectivity
■ Application services management
■ Network printer management
 Windows 2000 Server Versions
Target Applications Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 Server

◆ Provides
full server services as a file, print,
Web, e-mail, and e-commerce server
■ Windows 2000 Advanced Server
◆ Intended for high-end enterprise networks
that use server clustering
■ Windows 2000 Datacenter
◆ Intended for large databases
 Windows 2000 Server Versions
Compared Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 Server

◆ Up to 4 processors and 4 GB of RAM
■ Windows 2000 Advanced Server
◆ Upto 8 processors, 8 GB of RAM, and
supports server clustering
■ Windows 2000 Datacenter
◆ Upto 32 processors, 64 GB of RAM, and
supports server clustering
 Server Clustering
Chapter 1

■ Clustering: The ability to share the

computing load and resources by
linking two or more discrete computer
systems to function as though they are
one.
 Clustering
Chapter 1
C lu s te re d
s e rv e rs
a c tin g a s
one
W in d o w s 2 0 0 0 S e r v e r
W in d o w s 2 0 0 0 S e r v e r
W o r k s ta tio n

C o n n e c tin g h u b W o r k s ta tio n
W in d o w s 2 0 0 0 S e r v e r

Figure 1-4 W o rk s ta tio n W o r k s ta tio n

Server clustering
W o r k s ta tio n
 Windows 2000 Server
Fundamental Capabilities Chapter 1

■ Sharing Resources
■ Managing Resources
■ Scalability and compatibility
■ Reliability
■ Distributability
■ Fault tolerance
■ Internet integration and e-commerce
 Sharing Resources
Chapter 1

■ Data files and folders

◆ Centralized access and fast searches, particularly
when the Active Directory is implemented
■ Printers
◆ Easily configured and published printer resources
■ Application Software
◆ Network installation or option to run software on
the server
 Mapped Drive or Folder
Chapter 1

■ Mapped drive or folder: A disk volume

or folder that is shared on the network
by a server or workstation. It gives
designated network workstations
access to the files and data in its shared
volume or folder. The workstation, via
software, determines a drive letter for
the shared volume, which is the
workstation’s map to the data.
 Shared Drives
Chapter 1
S h a re d
d r iv e s

W o r k s ta tio n
W in d o w s 2 0 0 0 S e r v e r
W o r k s ta tio n

W o r k s ta tio n
a c c e s s in g
s h a r e d d r iv e s
o n th e s e rv e r

C o n n e c tin g h u b
W o r k s ta tio n
W o r k s ta tio n ( la p to p )

Figure 1-5
Accessing shared
server drives W o r k s ta tio n
L a s e r p r in te r

W o r k s ta tio n
 Managing Resources
Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 provides a coordinated

way to manage network resources
■ The Active Directory is one example of
a resource management tool
 Resource
Chapter 1

■ Resource: has two meanings depending on

the context
◆ On an Windows 2000 Server network, a file
server, shared printer, or shared directory
that can be accessed by users
◆ On a workstation or server, a resource is
an IRQ, I/O address, or memory that is
allocated to a computer component, such
as a disk drive or communications port
 Security
Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 Server is designed to be

compatible with the U.S. Government’s
C2 top secret class of security:
◆ File and folder protection
◆ Account and network access passwords
◆ File, folder, and account auditing
◆ Server access protection on a network
◆ Server management controls
 Scalability and Compatibility
Chapter 1

■ Scalable: A computer operating system

that can be used on small to large
computers, such as those with a single
Intel-based processor and larger
computers, such as those with multiple
processors.
 Symmetric Multiprocessor
Chapter 1

■ Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP): A

type of computer with two or more
CPUs that share the processing load.
 Windows 2000 Server Host
System Compatibility Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 Server can communicate with

many kinds of other host operating systems.
◆ IBM mainframe
◆ Novell NetWare
◆ UNIX
◆ Banyan
◆ DEC
 Windows 2000 Server Client
System Compatibility Chapter 1

■ Typical operating systems that access

Windows 2000 Server as clients are:
◆ MS-DOS
◆ Windows 3.x
◆ Windows 95 and Windows 98
◆ Windows NT
◆ Windows 2000
◆ Macintosh
◆ UNIX
 Reliability
Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 Server is reliable

because the kernel operates in
privileged mode
■ MS-DOS and Windows 16-bit programs
run in the virtual DOS machine so they
do not impact 32-bit programs and the
operating system, which are running at
the same time
 Operating System Kernel
Chapter 1

■ Kernel: An essential set of programs

and computer code that allows a
computer operating system to control
processor, disk, memory, and other
functions central to the basic operation
of a computer.
Windows 2000 Privileged Mode
Chapter 1

■ Privileged mode: A protected memory

space allocated for the Windows 2000
kernel that cannot be directly accessed
by software applications.
 Virtual DOS Machine
Chapter 1

■ Virtual DOS Machine: In Windows 2000, a

process that emulates an MS-DOS
window in which to run MS-DOS or 16-bit
Windows programs in a designated area
of memory.
Multitasking and Multithreading
Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 reliability includes

multitasking and multithreading.
◆ Multitasking: The capability of a computer
to run two or more programs at the same
time.
◆ Multithreading: Running several program
processes or parts (threads) at the same
time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive
multitasking.
 Fault Tolerance
Chapter 1

■ Fault Tolerance: Techniques that

employ hardware and software to
provide assurance against equipment
failures, computer service interruptions,
and data loss.
 Example Windows 2000 Fault
Tolerance Features Chapter 1

■ Recovery from hard disk failures

■ Recovery from lost data in a file
■ Recovery from system configuration
errors
■ Protection from power outages
■ Advanced warning about system and
hardware problems
 Internet Integration and
Electronic Commerce Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 Server comes with many

Internet-related services.
◆ Web server
◆ Intranet and VPN services
◆ Media services
◆ HTML and XML compatibility
◆ FTP Services
 New Windows 2000 Server
Features Chapter 1

■ Active Directory
◆A Windows 2000 database of computers,
users, shared printers, shared folders, and
other network resources, and resource
groupings that is used to manage a
network and enable users to quickly find a
particular resource.
 New Windows 2000 Server
Features (continued) Chapter 1

■ Web-based Enterprise Management

(WBEM)
◆ Standardizes the tools and interfaces used
by administrators for a complete picture of
the relationship between networks and the
devices connected to networks.
 New Windows 2000 Server
Features (continued) Chapter 1

■ Hierarchical Storage Management

(HSM)
◆A storage management system that
enables administrators to establish storage
policies, archiving techniques, and disk
capacity planning through automated
procedures and the coordinated use of
different media including tapes, CD-ROMs,
hard drives, and zip drives.
 New Windows 2000 Server
Features (continued) Chapter 1

■ Zero Administration for Windows (ZAW)

◆A combination of management options and
tools that enable an organization to reduce
the total cost of ownership (TCO)
■ Power management
◆ Enables portions of a system, such as a
monitor, to “sleep” when they are not in use
 New Windows 2000 Server
Features (continued) Chapter 1

■ International language capability

◆ Supports more languages and even
multiple versions of the same language,
such as English used in Britain or English
used in the United States
 FAT16
Chapter 1

■ Advantages
◆ Supported by may small computer systems
◆ Low operating overhead
◆ Partitions up to 4 GB (in Windows NT or 2000)
◆ File sizes up to 2 GB
■ Disadvantages
◆ Can become corrupted over time
◆ Limited file and folder security and no auditing
◆ Does not support long filenames
 FAT32
Chapter 1

■ Advantages
◆ More robust then FAT16
◆ Enables smaller allocation units than FAT16 (in
Windows 2000)
◆ Supports volumes up to 32 GB in Windows 2000
◆ Supports long file names
■ Disadvantages
◆ Limited file and folder security and no auditing
◆ Cannot decrease cluster size
 NTFS 4
Chapter 1

■ NTFS 4 is used in Windows NT 4.0 and has

the following features
◆ Support for long file names
◆ Files can be compressed
◆ Large file capacity
◆ File activity tracking
◆ POSIX support
◆ Volume striping and volume extensions
 NTFS 5
Chapter 1

■ NTFS 5 is used in Windows 2000 and has the

following new features
◆ Ability to encrypt files
◆ No system reboot after creating extended or
spanned volumes
◆ Ability to reduce drive designations (mount drives)
◆ Indexing for fast access
◆ Ability to retain shortcuts and other file information
when files are transferred between volumes
◆ Ability to set disk quotas
 CDFS and UDF
Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 supports CDFS and

UDF
◆ Compact disk file system (CDFS) is a 32-
bit file system used on standard capacity
CD-ROMs.
◆ Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a
removable disk formatting standard used
for large capacity CD-ROMs and DVD-
ROMs.
 Choosing a File System
Chapter 1

■ As a general rule, plan to use NTFS unless

you need to use FAT16 or FAT32 for
backward compatibility on a system, such as
for a dual boot system.
 FAT and NTFS Compared
Chapter 1

Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS

Total volume size 4 GB 2 GB to 2 TB 2 TB

Maximum file size 2 GB 4 GB Theoretical

limit of 16

exabytes

Compatible with Yes Yes No

floppy disks

Table 1-1 FAT and NTFS compared

 FAT and NTFS Compared
(continued) Chapter 1
Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS

Filename length 11 characters 256 characters 256 characters

Security Limited security Limited security C2 compatible

based on based on security and

attributes and attributes and auditing options

shares shares

File Supported with Supported with Supported as part

compression extra utilities extra utilities of NTFS

 FAT and NTFS Compared
(continued) Chapter 1

Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS

File activity None None Tracking via a log

tracking

POSIX support None Limited POSIX.1 support

Hot fix Limited Limited Supports hot fix

 FAT and NTFS Compared
(continued) Chapter 1

Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS

Large database Limited Yes Yes

support

Multiple disk No No Yes

drives in one

volume
 Chapter Summary
Chapter 1

■ Network servers are used in familiar

and expected places. One example of a
familiar place is as a Web server.
■ The use of server-based networks is
outpacing peer-to-peer networks.
 Chapter Summary
Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 Server offers traditional

and new server capabilities
◆ Fileand printer sharing
◆ C2-compatible security
◆ Web and network communications
◆ Network management capabilities
◆ Active Directory
◆ Zero Administration for Windows
 Chapter Summary
Chapter 1

■ NTFS is a central feature of Windows

2000 because it offers:
◆ Strong security
◆ Fault tolerance
◆ File compression
◆ Indexing
◆ Disk quotas
◆ File encryption
 Chapter Summary
Chapter 1

■ Windows 2000 retains backward

compatibility with:
◆ FAT16
◆ FAT32