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Module 1.1 Basic Ideas On Sets

The document defines some key concepts about sets: - A set is a well-defined collection of objects called elements or members. Examples include sets of silverware, numbers, islands. - Sets can be described in roster notation by listing elements in curly brackets, verbally, or with set-builder notation stating rules for membership. - Operations on sets include intersection, union, difference, and complement. Intersection is elements common to both sets. Union includes elements from either set. Difference are elements in the first set not the second. Complement are elements not in the given set from the universal set.

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Niña Mariess Flores
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14 views

Module 1.1 Basic Ideas On Sets

The document defines some key concepts about sets: - A set is a well-defined collection of objects called elements or members. Examples include sets of silverware, numbers, islands. - Sets can be described in roster notation by listing elements in curly brackets, verbally, or with set-builder notation stating rules for membership. - Operations on sets include intersection, union, difference, and complement. Intersection is elements common to both sets. Union includes elements from either set. Difference are elements in the first set not the second. Complement are elements not in the given set from the universal set.

Uploaded by

Niña Mariess Flores
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SETS

A set may be thought of as well-


defined collection of objects.
These objects are called elements
or members of the set.
set of silverware set of encyclopedia
set of counting integers set of integers
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Well-defined or
not?
a) the set of Covid-19 symptoms

b) the set of multiples of 8

c) the set of good students in your


class

d) the set of fast cars

e) the set of islands in the Philippines


Three ways in describing
sets:
Roster Notation or Listing Method

Verbal Description Method

Set Builder Notation


Roster Notation or Listing Method

- Describing a set by listing each element of the


set inside the symbol { }.

A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} B = {c, a, n, d} C = {moon}


Verbal Description Method
- Describing a set in words.
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} B = {c, a, n, d} C = {moon}

*Set A is the set of first 5 even numbers.


*Set B is the set of letters in the word “Canada”
*Set C is the set of natural Earth satellite
Set Builder Notation
- Listing the rules that determine whether an
object is an element of the set.
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} B = {c, a, n, d} C = {moon}

*A = {x∣x is an even number less than 12}


*B = {x∣x is a letter in the word “Canada”}
*C = {x∣x is a natural satellite of Earth}
Create:
a. a verbal description
b. a rule

for S = {2, 4, 6}
EQUIVALENT sets – two sets that contain exactly the same number of
elements .

EQUAL sets – two sets that contain exactly the same elements.
CARDINAL number – number of elements in the set.
SUBSET – Set A is a subset of set B, written A B, if and only if every
element in A is also in B.
EQUIVALENT sets – two sets that contain exactly
the same number of elements .

A = {1, 2, 3, 4} B = {m, a, t, h}
EQUAL sets – two sets that contain exactly
the same elements.

X = {a, e, i, o, u} Y = {o, e, a, i, u}
CARDINAL number – number of elements in
the set; for set A denoted by n(A).

A = {a, e, i, o, u} therefore n(A) = 5


SUBSET – Set A is a subset of set B, written A B, if and
only if every element in A is also in B.

B = {egg, hotdog, bacon, cheese, ham}


A = {hotdog, ham, cheese}
OPERATIONS
ON SETS
INTERSECTION of sets – denoted by , is a set of elements that are
members of both A and B.

UNION of sets – denoted by , is the set of elements that are members of A,


or members of B, or members of both A and B.

DIFFERENCE of two sets – written as A – B, is a set of elements in A


that are not in B.

COMPLEMENT of a Set – written as A’ is the set of all elements in


the universal set (U) that are not in set A.
INTERSECTION of sets – denoted by , is a set of elements
that are members of both A and B.

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} B = {2, 4, 6, 8}

therefore,
A B = {2, 4}
UNION of sets – denoted by , is the set of elements that are members of A,
or members of B, or members of both A and B.

X = {a, b, c, d, e} Y = {a, e, i, o, u}

therefore,
X Y = {a, b, c, d, e, i, o, u}
DIFFERENCE of two sets – written as A – B, is a set of elements in A
that are not in B.

A = {r, o, y, g, b, i, v} B = {r, y, b}

therefore,
A – B = {o, g, i, v}
B–A={}
COMPLEMENT of a Set – written as A’ is the set of all elements in
the universal set (U) that are not in set A.

U = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} A = {6, 15, 18}

therefore,
A’ = {3, 9, 12}
GRACIAS!

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