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Bird Avoidance Techniques

The document provides techniques for pilots to avoid bird strikes when flying. It discusses peak bird activity months, common flying errors that increase risk, and recommendations for pilots. Key recommendations include scanning outside the aircraft every 1-2 seconds, avoiding looking away from the front for more than 1.5 seconds, being vigilant in reported bird areas, and coordinating with air traffic control to get bird reports before takeoff and landing.

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Hasan Arshad
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33 views28 pages

Bird Avoidance Techniques

The document provides techniques for pilots to avoid bird strikes when flying. It discusses peak bird activity months, common flying errors that increase risk, and recommendations for pilots. Key recommendations include scanning outside the aircraft every 1-2 seconds, avoiding looking away from the front for more than 1.5 seconds, being vigilant in reported bird areas, and coordinating with air traffic control to get bird reports before takeoff and landing.

Uploaded by

Hasan Arshad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Do they not see the birds, that wing their flight in the

air towards the sky? Who holds them up but Allah?


Surely in this there are signs for the true believers.

Surah AN-NAHL Verse 79


14 /44
Aim

To apprise the house regarding


techniques to avoid birds

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 Bird Hazard
 Mathematical Approach to Bird Sighting
 Common Flying Technique
 Avoidance Technique
 Recommendations
 Flying Orders regarding Bird Hits
 Questions

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Bird Hazard

• Peak activity months


– March- April
– September- October

• 2500’ and low


• During circuit and landing

18 / 44
Some Views on Bird Hits

Vertical Distribution of Bird


•The statistics shows that:-
• 5% of collisions occur below 50 feet
• 20% of collisions occur below 450 feet
• 70% of collisions occur below 3000 feet
• 5% of collisions occur above 3000 feet

19 / 44
Some Views on Bird Hits

• More bird hazards around airports

• Enroute structure still no exception

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Mathematical Approach to Bird
Sighting

• Maximum bird spotting distance

• Reaction time available

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Maximum Bird Spotting Distance

4-5 FEET 1.5 MILS OF RANGE

Assuming Avg w/s of these birds be around 4ft

MIL VALUE = W/S RANGE=2666FT


x 1000
RANGE

22 / 44
Maximum Bird Spotting Distance

• 2666 ft is theoretically the maximum


distance
• This distance will reduce
– Bird is either smaller, or
– Entire w/s is not visible to the pilot

23 / 44
Reaction Time Available

• Reaction time is directly proportional to a/c speed

2700FT

100 KTS

Reaction time available = 16 secs

24 / 44
Reaction Time Available

• Reaction time available for a max bird


spotting distance of 2666ft:
• 210 kts = 8.0 sec
• 420 kts = 3.8 sec
• 480 kts = 3.3 sec

25 / 44
Base Line

• Minimum reaction time at least 2.0 sec.


• It caters for
– Reaction time
– Control response
– Manoeuvre out of bird flight path
– Time available for other tasks = 1 sec

26 / 44
Additional Factors Affecting Reaction
Time
• Bird merged with the background
• Reduced visibility
• Birds having span less than four feet
• Looking away from your front for too long
• Birds getting obscured by canopy bow

27 / 44
Common Flying Errors

• Not scanning properly


• Too much looking inside for instruments
• Not using other crew member for lookout
(CRM)
• Not asking bird state from Tower during
start up and approach

28 / 44
Tips to Optimize Lookout Technique

• One second purposeful look


• Higher the speed, faster should be the
lookout
• Scan should be in direction of the plane of
the turn

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Avoidance Techniques

 Avoid bird infested areas

 Avoid high speed at low altitudes

 Be extremely vigilant if birds are reported


 Look out
 Not to look beyond 45 degrees for more than 2 Sec

30 / 44
Recommendations

• According to the mission and task, specific


bird avoidance techniques should be
developed by the pilots
• Looking every 1.5-2sec should be the part
of these techniques regardless the type of
the a/c
• Don’t look away from your front for more
than 1.5 sec at a time

31 / 44
Recommendations

• Don’t spend more than 1 sec on a cockpit


task without clearing area in front
• These techniques should be briefed in
every mission till they become second
nature to the pilots

32 / 44
Flying Order
Part I-10

33 / 44
Bird Avoidance Procedure

Statistical data reveals that most bird strikes occur


during takeoff, landing and at lower levels. To avoid
bird hits, DATCO has to pass birds’ state to all
aircraft on ATIS. The operations should be
conducted as per following bird state reporting
procedure:-
• ‘A’ for no or very low bird activity; normal
operations may continue
• ‘B’ for moderate bird activity; operations
subject to restriction and with caution
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Bird Avoidance Procedure

• ‘C’ for high/hazardous bird activity;


alternation in take off and landing procedures is
required
• Take Off Point
– Pilot and Co-pilot should scan the area in
front as well as on the sides for any bird
activity. If flock of bird is seen on the runway
the take off-should be delayed till the time
runway is clear of birds

35 / 44
Bird Avoidance Procedure

• Landing Lights
– Landing lights will remain ON during following
phases of flight
• Before take off till 1000 feet AGL
• During circuit and landing missions
• During descent, from 2000 AGL till completion of
landing roll

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Bird Avoidance Procedure

• Crew Sector Scan Technique


– Besides carrying out his normal flying
activities, ‘pilot not flying’ will scan for birds in
his sector and navigator/additional crew would
scan for pilot flying

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Bird Avoidance Procedure

• Before Landing
– Ask the ATC tower for bird state and visual
observation about bird activity:- 
• If heavy bird activity is observed plan a go around
and make another approach
• No corrective action should be taken below 200
feet AGL
• After landing report the areas of high bird activity to
the ATC

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CONCLUSION

43 / 44
Q&A

44 / 44

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