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Types of Sanitation Systems

La saneamiento se refiere a la protección de la salud pública mediante el suministro de agua potable y el manejo apropiado de los desechos humanos. También incluye el control de enfermedades infecciosas a través de la vacunación, la cuarentena y otras medidas.

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22 views

Types of Sanitation Systems

La saneamiento se refiere a la protección de la salud pública mediante el suministro de agua potable y el manejo apropiado de los desechos humanos. También incluye el control de enfermedades infecciosas a través de la vacunación, la cuarentena y otras medidas.

Uploaded by

Said Binns
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of Sanitation

Systems
Edith Villagra ,
Melquiades Guillen,
Yamil Williams
INTRODUCTION

A SANITATION SYSTEM IS A MULTI-


STEP PROCESS, IN WHICH HUMAN
EXCRETA AND WASTEWATER ARE
MANAGED FROM THE POINT OF
GENERATION TO THE POINT OF
USER OR FINAL DISPOSAL.
ONSITE SYSTEMS

FUNCTION AS A
TEMPORARY
EXHIBITION SITE TO
BE LATER DISPOSED
OF IN MORE
TRADITIONAL
SEWAGE SYSTEMS.
SEPTIC TANKS
ALLOW THE REMOVAL OF SOLIDS IN A SEPTIC TANK IT IS COMMON
AND THE BIOLOGICAL TO FIND THE FOLLOWING PARTS:
TREATMENT OF WASTERWATER
BY ANAEROBIC PROCESSES.
STRUCTURE OF THE SEPTIC TANK
• FAT TRAP: CATCH SOAP AND
GREASE REMAINS.
• SEPTIC TANK: IT IS THE MAIN
UNIT IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE
SEPTIC TANK.
• INSPECTION BOX: RECORD THE
PASSAGE OF WASTEWATER.
• INFILTRATION FIELD:
OXIDATION PROCESS
• ABSORPTION WELLS:
DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARILY
TREATED SEWAGE.
ADVANTAGES
IMPROVES THE
DURABILITY OF
SEWERS
HELPS IMPROVE
WATER QUALITY BY
RECYCLING
OF SIMPLE
CONSTRUCTION
REDUCES THE
RISKS OF
CONTAMINATION
THEY ARE INEXPENSIVE
OF AQUIFERS
AND DO NOT NEED A
LARGE SIZE.
DISADVANTAGES
THE REQUIRE FREQUENT
CLEANING TO FUNCTION
PROPERLY.

THE MAY PRESENT ODOR


PROBLEMS.

IT CAN CAUSE PROBLEMS OF


CONTAMINATION OF THE SOIL AND
WATER.
EXAMPLE:
SEPTIC TANK 15 INHABITANTS

IN THIS WAY, THE SEPTIC TANK THEREFORE, THE PURPOSE OF


15 INHABITANTS HAVE THEIR USING THE SEPTIC TANKS 15
MAIN APPLICATIONS FOR:
INHABITANTS, IS FOCUSED FOR:
PIT LATRINES
• IT CONSISTS OF A COVERED • A PIT LATRINE GENERALLY
SEDIMENTATION TANK FOR FAECES CONSISTS OF THREE MAIN PARTS:
AND A DECANTER THAT FILTERS
THE URINE TO THE GROUND
ADVANTAGES

IT CAN BE LOW( BUT


BUILT AND VARIABLE)
A SMALL PIECE
REPAIRED WITH CAPITAL COSTS
OF LAND IS
LOCALLY DEPENDING ON
REQUIRED
AVAILABLE MATERIALS
MATERIALS AND PIT DEPTH.
DISADVANTAGES

FLIES AND ODORS


ARE USUALLY POSIBLE A FULLY LINED
NOTICEABLE TO THE BATHROOM LOW REDUCTION CONTAMINATION PIT LATRINE FILLS
USERS. HAS TO BE OF THE CONTENT OF UP VERY QUICKLY
OUTDOORS OF ORGANIC GROUNDWATER
MATTER AND WITH PATHOGENS
PATHOGENS AND NITRATE
 EXAMPLE

COMARCA NGABE- BOLIVIA: INDIAN:


BUGLÉ : IN TOTAL 5,315 PIT
( CLEAN INDIA MISSION)
SINCE 2014 TO ELIMINATE
34% OF THE HOUSES LATRINES UNITS OPEN DEFECATION AND
HAVE LATRINES AND WERE BUILT IN CONVINCE PEOPLE IN
65% LACK HOMES IN 186 RURAL AREAS TO BUY,
BUILD AND USE TOILTS,
SEWERAGE OR COMMUNITIES. MAINLY PIT LATRINES.
LATRINES.
CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS

THE CENTRALIZED SISTEMS


INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY
OF TREATMENT,
CONSOLIDATE THE COSTS
OF MAINTENANCE, AND
MINIMIZE SOURCE
CONTAMINATION .
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
• A SEWAGE SYSTEM IS A COMPONENTS OF SEWER
STRUCTURE THAT ALLOWS THE NETWORKS
TRANSPORT OF WASTEWATER AND
WATER COMING FROM THE RAIN
FROM ITS SOURCE TO A DUMPING
CENTER.
SEWER CLASSIFICATION
SANITARY COMBINED
SEWER SEWERAGE
• THROUGH • SIMULTANEOUSLY
WHICH CAPTURES AND
CONDUCTS 100% OF THE
MUNICIPAL WATER.
WASTEWATER
SHOULD BE
EVACUATED

RAIN SEWER Separate


• CAPTURES AND
CONDUCTS
sewerage:
RAINWATER FOR • Collection and
ITS FINAL transport is
DISPOSAL done regardless
 ADVANTAGES
SANITARY SEWER
• PREVENTS FLOODING FROM
REACHING INHABITED AREAS.

SEPARATE SEWER
• PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT

COMBINED SEWERAGE
-LOWER INITIAL INVESTMENT COST.
 DISADVANTAGES

SANITARY SEWER
• EXPENSIVE INVESTMENT

SEPARATE SEWER
• GENERATE A HIGHER PERCENTAGE
OF OBSTRUCTION AND
SEDIMENTATION.
COMBINED SEWERAGE
• DOES NOT PRESERVE THE
ENVIRONMENT ATMOSPHERE.
 EXAMPLE:

EXISTING RAIN DRAINAGE SYSTEM SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM.


THE CITY OF HAVANA
BOLIVIA: CITY OF SANTA CRUZ DE LA SIERRA
CONCLUSION
ONSITU SISTEMS ARE
INDIVIDUALIZED, OPERATE AT
SMALL SCALES, AND SERVE A
RANGE OF POPULATION
DENSITIES.
WHILE THE CENTRALIZED
SYSTEMS CONSIST OF A
WASTEWATER COLLECTION
SYSTEM THROUGH A SEWER TO A
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
GENERALLY LOCATED ON THE
OUTSKIRTS OF THE CITY.
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
TIME

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