Unit 6: Quadratics

Lesson 1: Solving through Factorization

Teacher: Mr. Lee
 Unit 6: Quadratics

 Chapters 12, 20
 Chapter 12  Chapter 20
 Solving through  Quadratic Functions
factoring  Graphs of quadratics
 Completing the square  Axes Intercepts
 The quadratic formula  Axis of Symmetry
 Problem Solving  Vertex
 Quadratic Optimization
 Goals for Today

 Solving through Factoring

 Algebraic Forms of Quadratics
 There are THREE algebraic forms of expressing quadratics:
 GENERAL FORM
2 *where A, B, C
𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥+𝐶 are numbers
 FACTORED FORM
*where and are
𝑦= 𝐴(𝑥−𝛼)(𝑥− 𝛽) roots

 VERTEX FORM
𝑦 =𝑎 ¿ *where (h, k) is
the vertex
 Important Terminology
 Solutions:
 Also known as the roots of the equation
 Also known as the x-intercepts of the equations
 Solving Quadratic Equations

 Solving through Factorization:

 One of several algebraic methods
 Uses the Null Factor Law:

 Null Factor Law:

 When the product of two or more numbers is zero, then at
least one of them must be zero.
 So, if ab = 0 , then a = 0 or b = 0
 Solving through Factorization
 Solving Process:
 Step 1: If necessary, rearrange the equation so one side is zero
 Step 2: Fully factorize the other side
 Step 3: Apply the Null Factor Law
 Step 4: Solve the resulting linear equations

2
𝑥 =3 𝑥
2
Step 1 𝑥 −3 𝑥=0 Step 3

Step 2 𝑥(𝑥 − 3)=0 Step 4 𝑥=0𝑜𝑟 𝑥 −3=0

 Solving through Factorization
2
𝑥 =3 𝑥

𝑥=0𝑜𝑟 𝑥−3=0
2
Step 1 𝑥 −3 𝑥=0 Step 3

𝑥(𝑥 − 3)=0
𝑥=0𝑜𝑟 𝑥=3
Step 2 Step 4

2
𝑥 +3 𝑥=28

𝑥+7=0𝑜𝑟 𝑥−4=0
2
Step 1
𝑥 +3 𝑥 − 28=0 Step 3

Step 2
(𝑥+7)(𝑥 − 4)=0 Step 4
 Solving through factorization
2
2
𝑥 −5 𝑥=0 𝑥 =4 𝑥
2
𝑥(𝑥 − 5)=0 𝑥 − 4 𝑥=0
𝑥(𝑥 − 4 )=0

𝑥=0 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=5 𝑥=0 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=4

 Solving through factorization
2
2
2 𝑥 +5 𝑥 =0 4 𝑥 =5 𝑥

𝑥(2 𝑥+5)=0 2
4 𝑥 −5 𝑥=0
𝑥(4 𝑥 −5)=0

𝑥=0 𝑂𝑅 −5 𝑥=0 𝑂𝑅 5
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 4
 Process to solve general form
 Disclaimer: There are many ways to factor a quadratic in general form. This is
the strategy that has worked best for me -
𝑦 =𝑎 𝑥 2 +𝑏 𝑥 +𝑐

 If a is value of 1 -
 Step 1: Determine 2 numbers that MULTIPLY to give you C (disregard pos/neg)
 Step2: Determine HOW those 2 numbers will SUM to give you B (consider
pos/neg)
 Step 3: Replace brackets with those 2 numbers
 Step 4: Solve for the values of x through NULL FACTOR LAW

 *Note: Not all quadratics in general form are factorable.

 Solving through factorization
2 2
𝑥 +3 𝑥+2=0 𝑥 −10 𝑥+25=0

(𝑥+2)(𝑥 +1)=0 (𝑥 −5)(𝑥 −5)=0

¿
𝑥=−2 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−1 𝑥=5
 Solving through factorization
2 2
𝑥 +6=5 𝑥 𝑥 +14=− 9 𝑥

2 2
𝑥 −5 𝑥+6=0 𝑥 +9 𝑥+14=0
(𝑥 −2)(𝑥 −3)=0 (𝑥+7)(𝑥+2)=0

𝑥=2 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=3 𝑥=−7 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−2

 Practice Problems
2 2
𝑥 =14 𝑥 − 49 𝑥 +11 𝑥=−30

2 2
𝑥 −14 𝑥 +49=0 𝑥 +11 𝑥 +30=0
(𝑥 −7)(𝑥 −7 )=0 (𝑥+5)(𝑥+6)=0
𝑥=7 𝑥=−5 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−6
 Process to solve general form
 Disclaimer: There are many ways to factor a quadratic in general form. This is the
strategy that has worked best for me -
𝑦 =𝑎 𝑥 2 +𝑏 𝑥 +𝑐

 If a is not a value of 1 -
 Step 1: Factor the maximum value such that x2 will be single and positive
 Step 2: Determine 2 numbers that MULTIPLY to give you C (disregard pos/neg)
 Step 3: Determine HOW those 2 numbers will SUM to give you B (consider pos/neg)
 Step 4: Replace brackets with those 2 numbers
 Step 5: Solve for the values of x through NULL FACTOR LAW

 *Note: Not all quadratics in general form are factorable.

 Solving through factorization - Med
2
2
− 𝑥 −11 𝑥 −28=0 2 𝑥 +2 𝑥=24
Make x2 positive and coeff. Of 1!

2 2
−(𝑥 +11 𝑥+28)=0 2 𝑥 +2 𝑥 −24=0
−(𝑥 +7)(𝑥+4)=0 2
2(𝑥 +𝑥 − 12)=0
2(𝑥+4)(𝑥 − 3)=0

𝑥=−7 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=− 4 𝑥=− 4 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=3

 Solving through factorization - Med
2 2
5 𝑥 +20=20 𝑥 − 𝑥 =7 𝑥 − 60
Make x2 positive and coeff. Of 1!
2
5 𝑥 −20 𝑥+20=0 2
− 𝑥 −7 𝑥 +60=0
2 2
5(𝑥 − 4 𝑥 +4 )=0 −(𝑥 +7 𝑥 −60)=0
5(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)=0 −(𝑥 −5)(𝑥+12)=0
5¿
𝑥=2 𝑥=5 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−12
 Practice Problems
2 2
3 𝑥 =3 𝑥+18 140+6 𝑥=2 𝑥

2 2
3 𝑥 −3 𝑥 − 18=0 0=2 𝑥 −6 𝑥 − 140
2
2
3(𝑥 − 𝑥 −6)=0 0=2(𝑥 − 3 𝑥 −70)
3(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 +2)=0 0=2(𝑥 − 10)(𝑥 +7)
𝑥=3 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−2 𝑥=10 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−7
 Process to solve general form (harder)
𝑦 =𝑎 𝑥 2 +𝑏 𝑥 +𝑐

If a is not a value of 1 and unable to factor the max value from everything –

Step 1: If applicable, factor out any negative

Step 2: Determine 2 numbers that MULTIPLY to give you A
Step 3: Determine 2 numbers that MULTIPLY to give you C (disregard pos/neg)
Step 4: Determine HOW those 2 numbers (of C) will SUM to give you B (consider
pos/neg) while multiplying by those 2 numbers (of A)
Step 5: Replace brackets with those 2 numbers
Step 6: Solve for the values of x through NULL FACTOR LAW

*Note: Not all quadratics in general form are factorable.

 Solving through factorization - Hard
2
5 𝑥 −6=13 𝑥 𝑎=5 , 1 𝑐=3 ,2

2
5 𝑥 −13 𝑥 −6=0
(5 𝑥 +2)(𝑥 −3)=0

2 (5 𝑥 2)( 𝑥 3)=0
𝑥=− 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=3
5
 Solving through factorization - Hard
2
2 𝑥 =3 𝑥 +5 𝑎=2 , 1 𝑐=5 , 1

2
2 𝑥 −3 𝑥 −5=0
(2 𝑥 −5)(𝑥 +1)=0 ?
5
𝑥= 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−1
2
3
 Practice Problems
2 2
2 𝑥 =18− 9 𝑥 −2 𝑥 −5 𝑥+12=0

2
2
2 𝑥 +9 𝑥 −18=0 −(2 𝑥 +5 𝑥 − 12)=0
(2 𝑥 −3)(𝑥+6)=0 −(2 𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 +4)=0
3 3
𝑥= 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−6 𝑥= 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=− 4
2 2
Solving through factorization – Ext.
𝑥(1+𝑥)+𝑥=3

2
𝑥+ 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3=0
2
𝑥 +2 𝑥 −3=0
(𝑥+3)(𝑥 −1)=0
𝑥=−3 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=1
Solving through factorization – Ext.
3 𝑥(𝑥 +2)−5 (𝑥 −3)=17

2
3 𝑥 +6 𝑥 − 5 𝑥 +15=17
2
3 𝑥 +𝑥 − 2=0
(3 𝑥 −2)(𝑥+1)=0
2
𝑥= 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=−1
3
 Practice Problems!
2 𝑥 (𝑥 − 6)=𝑥 − 20 (8 𝑥+1)(𝑥 −2)=13 − 𝑥
2
2
2 𝑥 −12 𝑥=𝑥 − 20 8 𝑥 −16 𝑥 +𝑥 −2=13 − 𝑥
2
2
2 𝑥 −13 𝑥+20=0 8 𝑥 −15 𝑥 − 2=13 − 𝑥
2
(2 𝑥 −5)(𝑥 − 4)=0 8 𝑥 −14 𝑥 −15=0
(4 𝑥 +3)(2 𝑥 −5)=0
5 ¿❑
3 ¿❑
5
𝑥= ¿❑ 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=4 𝑥=− ¿❑ 𝑂𝑅 𝑥=
2 4 2
“Cross” Multiplication
𝑥 +1 1
= Cross - multiply
4 2𝑥 denominators

2 𝑥 (𝑥+1)=4 (1) Expand brackets

2
2 𝑥 +2 𝑥=4 Bring all to one side

2
2 𝑥 +2 𝑥 − 4=0
2
2(𝑥 +𝑥 − 2)=0
“Cross” Multiplication
𝑥 +1 1
=
4 2𝑥
2
2(𝑥 +𝑥 − 2)=0
2(𝑥+2)(𝑥 −1)=0

𝑥=−2
𝑂𝑅 𝑥=1
“Cross” Multiplication
𝑥 − 2 6+𝑥
= Cross - multiply
𝑥 2 denominators

2(𝑥 − 2)=𝑥 (6+𝑥 ) Expand brackets

2
2 𝑥 − 4=6 𝑥+𝑥 Bring all to one side

2
0=6 𝑥+𝑥 − 2 𝑥 +4
2
0=𝑥 + 4 𝑥+ 4
“Cross” Multiplication
𝑥 − 2 6+𝑥
=
𝑥 2
2
0=𝑥 + 4 𝑥+ 4
0=(𝑥 +2)(𝑥 +2)

𝑥=−2
 Homework!
 Exercise 12A
#1-6 (every other
letter)