GOOD

AFTERNOON
PERFORMING K E Y BO OK K E
ENTREPRENEU
E P IN GRTSAS
H K
IP S

PREPARED BY GROUP 5
 PREPARED BY

SHANE NICOLE ALECK JEANNE KARL

BOOKKEEPING BOOKKEEPER
KOOBPINGKEE KOBOKEREEP
BOOK OF ACCOUNTS
BKOO FO COUNTCCAS
JOURNAL LEDGER
JROLANU GERLED
 • The process of recording business transactions in a
systematic and chronological manner. It is systematic
BOOKKEEPING because it follows procedures and principles. It is
chronological because the transactions are recorded in order
of the date of occurrence.

• The person who is in-charge to record, maintain and update

BOOKKEEPER business records from all sorts of financial transactions using
account title. The bookkeeper uses the Book of Accounts to
record the business transactions.

• The book of accounts is composed of the Journal and

Book of Accounts
• Ledger.

• Referred to as the book of original entry

JOURNAL

LEDGER • Referred to as the book of final entry.

is the most basic journal which provides

GENERAL JOURNAL
columns for date, account titles and
explanations, folio or references and a
separate column for debit and credit
entries.

is a group of all accounts that can be found in

the chart of accounts. These accounts will be
reflected in the trial balance as a summary of

GENERAL LEDGER all financial activities that have taken place as

recorded in the general journal and subsidiary
ledgers.
DEPICTED IN FIGURE 1 BELOW IS A SAMPLE FORMAT OF A GENERAL JOURNAL:

Figure 1 – General Journal

• Sample General Journal Transaction And Entry:
On June 25, 2020, ABC Laundry Co. Rendered Laundry Services To JJV Hotel In Makati For P5,000. The
Customer Paid In Cash. GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 1
POST
.
DATE PARTICULARS
REF. DEBIT CREDI
T
1 June 25 Cash 5,000
2 Service Income 5,000
To record the receipt of cash from JJV Hotel for the
3 services rendered

• Depicted in figure 2 below is a sample format of a general ledger:

• FIGURE 2 – GENERAL LEDGER

 is a group of accounts directly associated with the general
SUBSIDIARY LEDGER ledger. This record is created to maintain individual
accounts for customers and vendors whose cash is not
Depicted in Figures 3 and 4 being used as a medium of exchange when purchasing or
below are sample formats of a
selling merchandise.
subsidiary ledger showing Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Receivable and Accounts Payable
respectively: Buyer/Customer: Veggies Trading 11

Figure 3 – Accounts Receivable Ledger

Figure 4 – Accounts Payable Ledger

 The accounts receivable ledger is a sub-ledger which records all credit sales made by a
Account Receivable business. It is useful for segregating into one location a record of all amounts invoiced to
Ledger customers. A typical transaction entered into the accounts receivable ledger which records all
account receivables, followed at a later date by a payment transaction from a customer that
eliminates the accounts receivable. More importantly, it is a subsidiary ledger which records a
customer’s accounts in the business.
An accounts payable ledger contains the detail for all invoices received from suppliers. This
Account Payable Ledger ledger is used as a subsidiary ledger, from which summary-level information is periodically
posted to the general ledger. Having a separate accounts payable ledger keeps a large
amount of detailed payables transactions from cluttering up the general ledger.
The left-hand side entry also known in accounting as “Value Received.” When cash or non-
Debit cash items are received, the said cash or non-cash items must be recorded in the debit
column. This means that the debit balance has increased.

The right-hand side entry also known in accounting as “Value Parted With.” When cash or
Credit non-cash items are given, the said cash or non-cash items must be recorded in the credit
column. This means that the credit balance has increased.
The
Rule In the process of journalizing business transactions, the rules

Deb s of
of Debit and Credit are essential to ensure accurate recording and
sound decision making. Debit is abbreviated as DR while CR for

it a n Credit. Further, it is deemed a requirement that the bookkeeper

d
should be able to master the normal balance of each account title

Cre being used in the process of recording.

di t
The following steps will be undertaken in determining
account balances for every account title such as cash,
account receivable, etc.:
1. Add all the debit side to generate total debit

2. Add all the credit side to generate total credit.

3. Subtract total debit to the total credit.

4. Determine the balance of each account.

 T-ACCOUNT ACCOUNT TITLE

T-ACCOUNT
Left-hand side or Right-hand side or
The most convenient and fastest way of posting journal entries to Debit Side is for Credit Side
the ledger is by way of using “T” Account. A T- Account is divided Value is for value parted
into two sides. The left-hand side is called the debit side and the Received with.
right-hand side is called the credit side. The left-hand or debit side
Depicted in figure 5 above is a T-account and its
shows the value received while the right-hand side shows the description:
value parted with. This is called T Account because it resembles
the capital letter “T.” An account title is written above the T-
Figure 5: T - Account
account.
GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 1
Posting the journal entry to POST.
DATE PARTICULARS
the T – Account: REF. DEBIT CREDIT

1 Dec 1 Cash 200,000

.
2 Service Income 200,000

To record the receipt of cash for the

3 services rendered
• To strengthen your understanding about posting of journal entries to the general ledger, it is suggested to
create T– account and label them with the account title and group them according to assets, liabilities, owner’s
equity, revenue and expense.

Asset

• It is the first account of the five major accounts which refers to resources with economic value that an
individual, corporation, or country owns or controls with the expectation that it will provide a future
benefit. An asset represents an economic resource for a company or represents access that other
individuals or firms do not have.

Liability

• It is the second account of the five major accounts which refers to something a person or company owes, usually a
sum of money. Liabilities are settled over time through the transfer of economic benefits including money, goods, or
services. Liabilities include loans, accounts payable, mortgages, deferred revenues, and accrued expenses. In
general, a liability is an obligation between one party and another not yet
• completed or paid for.
Owner’s Quality
• It is the third account of the five major accounts which refers to as shareholders' equity (or owner’s equity for
privately held companies). Owner’s equity is a degree of residual ownership in a firm or asset after
subtracting all liabilities associated with
• that asset.

Revenue
• It is the fourth account of the five major accounts which refers to money brought into a company by its
business activities. Revenue is commonly known as service income or fees,
• sales, and sales discount.

Expense
It is the fifth and last account of the five major accounts which refers to the cost of operations that a company
incurs to generate revenue. Common expenses include payments to suppliers, employee wages, factory
leases, and equipment
depreciation.
Depicted in figure 6 below is a matrix of normal debit and credit balances of the five major accounts:
ACCOUNT DEBIT CREDIT
TYPE
Assets
Liabilities
Owner’s Equity
Revenue
Expenses

Figure 6 - Matrix of Normal Debit and Credit

Balances
of Five Major Accounts