10 Hours Construction Industry

Based on OSHA Standard

Prepared by: Orascom Construction

Day One Contents

Introduction to OSHA
Workplace Risk Assessment
Working at Height
Scaffolds
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Introduction to OSHA
• What is OSHA?

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration

• Responsible for employees safety and health protection

• Website: osha.gov
Code of Federal
Regulations CFR • CFR is divided into 50
titles
• OSHA is under the title
29

• 29 CFR 1910 (General

Industry)

• 29 CFR 1926
(Construction Industry)
Standard Numbering System
 Topic-1

Workplace
Risk Assessment
 Define the terms used in
Risk Assessment
Objectives
List the information
required

State how to analyze risk

Carry out suitable and

sufficient risk assessment
WHY DO WE LEGAL REQUIREMENT TO CREATE A SAFE
PLACE OF WORK
CARRY OUT
RISK
ASSESSMENT?

TO IMPROVE WORK TO MAKE PROFIT

PERFORMANCE
 • First piece of evidence sought in
the event of an accident
LEGAL investigation

REQUIREM • Many prosecutions have been

ENT made on the basis that risk

assessment has not been made or
has been insufficient

• It is a legal requirement to have

written, updated, suitable and
sufficient risk assessment for all
work activities; Routine and Non-
routine (Law 12, 2003, Section 3,
Article 215, book 5)
Benefits of Good Health
and Safety Practice
 Increased levels of compliance
 Improved production
 Improved staff morale
 Improved company reputation
 Reduced accidents
 Reduced ill health
 Reduced damage to equipment
 Reduced staff complaints
 Reduced staff turnover
 Reduced insurance premiums
 Reduced fines and compensation claims
 • Accident
A combination of failures and conditions that enables an unplanned unwanted
event to occur resulting in injury or ill-health, damage to property plant or
equipment or loss of a business opportunity

Basic • Hazard

Definitions The potential of a substance, activity or process to cause harm

• Risk
The probability for an incident to happen and of the potential severity of the
consequences

• Residual Risk
The Level of risk remaining when controls have been adopted

• Risk Assessment
A formalized process of identifying hazards, assessing the risk that they generate
and then either eliminating or controlling the risk
Unsafe Act, Unsafe Condition, Near Miss and Accident
 Case Study-1
Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition?
 1) Hazard Identification
Risk
Assessment 2) Persons at Risk

Steps 3) Risk Evaluation

4) Record Findings

5) Review Risk Assessment

1) Hazard Identification

• Only significant hazards

which could result in
serious harm to people
should be identified

• Hazards can be identified

using various methods
Hazards
Contributing Factors to
Cause Hazards
 Case Study-2

Hazard-1 Hazard-2
1 Scaffolding
• Identify Two hazards
2 Portable ladder
3 Grinder
4 Confined Space
5 Chemical substances
6 Manual Handling
7 Loader
8 Generator
9 Excavation
10 Welding
 • Number of People into
contact with hazard
2) Persons At • Frequency of these
contacts
Risk • Employees and
contractors working full
time
• Groups spending time
around the workplace
including young
workers, trainees,
cleaners
• Vulnerable groups
3) Risk Evaluation&
Control

• Evaluate and estimate the risk and decide

whether existing precautions are adequate or
more actions should be done.
A) Probability/
Likelihood

1 Highly Unlikely Could happen but probably never will

• The chance that the hazardous
event will occur
2 Reasonably Likely/ Unlikely Could happen but only rarely

3 Even Chance Could happen occasionally

4 Highly Likely Could happen frequently

5 Almost Certain Will happen

B) Consequences

• Severity of Harm
Table of Risk Rating
Case Study-3

• Two Workers are working on

the Wood cutting machine.
• Evaluate the cutting risk if the
first workers has 7 years of
experience, working on the
machine 8 hours every day, 6
days a week. The second
workers has 1 year of
experience but will use the
equipment only once.

• Explain Why?
Hierarchy Of Risk Control
4) Record Findings

Why?
 Evidence of compliance with the law
 Useful evidence if organization involved in civil action
 Future reference
 Audits
Record:
 Hazards and conclusions
 Groups affected and control measures
 Accessible to all employees
 Copy with the safety manual containing policy and arrangements
5) Review
Case Study-4
• Forklift Trucks and Shared
Walkways

• From the photo identify

hazards associated with the
task evaluate the risk and
adopt suitable control
measures then identify
residual risk associated with
each control.

Hazard Likelihood Severity Risk Rating Controls Residual Risk

Case Study-5

• Using the example in case-2 and this

form make a scenario using the
hazard you identified, evaluate its risk
and adopt proper control measure.
 Topic-2
Working at
Height
Course Contents Walking and
Working Surfaces
Stairs and
Ladders
Fall Protection

Scaffolds
Walking and Working
Surfaces
• Slips Trips and Falls
constitute the majority of
general industry accidents.
They cause 15% of all
accidental death and are
second only to motor
vehicles as a cause of
fatalities.
General Requirements • Housekeeping
o Workplace shall be kept clean and orderly and
in a sanitary condition
o Floors shall be kept clean and dry
o Floors shall be kept free from protruding nails,
holes or loose boards

• Aisles and Passageways

o Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and
in good repair with no obstruction across or in
aisles that could create hazard

• Covers and Guardrails

o Covers and/or guardrail shall be provided to
protect personnel from the hazards of open
pits, tanks and the likes
Case-1
Identify Good Practice and Bad Practice
Floors and Wall Openings and Holes

• Floor Hole: an opening measuring less than 12 inches (30 cm) but more than 1 Inch (2.54 cm) in
its least dimension in any floor or platform through which materials but not persons may fall

• Floor Opening: an opening measuring 12 inches (30 cm) or more in its least dimension in any
floor or platform through which persons may fall.

• Wall Hole: An opening less than 12 inches (30 cm) but more than 1 inch (2.54 cm) high, of
unrestricted width in any wall or partition.

• Wall Opening: An opening at least 30 inches (75 cm) high and 18 inches wide (45 cm), in any
wall or partition, through which persons may fall
Guarding Floors and Wall
Openings and Holes

• Covers

• Guardrails
Examples of
Covers and
Guardrails
Case Study
Case Study
Ladders and Stairs
Staircases

• Every flight of stairs with four

or more risers shall have
standard stair railings or
standard handrails
Portable Ladders
 • The chief hazard when using a ladder is falling. A poorly
designed, maintained, or improperly used ladder may
collapse under the load placed upon it and cause the
Safe use of employee to fall.

Portable • The various types of portable ladders include:

Ladders o Stepladder: A self-supporting portable ladder, non-adjustable in length,
having flat steps and hinged back. Shall not to exceed 20 feet. Shall be
equipped with metal spreader or locking device to hold front and back
sections

o Single Ladder: A non self-supporting portable ladder, non-adjustable in

length, consisting of but one section. Its size is designed by overall
length of the side rail. Shall not exceed 30 feet.

o Extension Ladder: A non self-supporting portable ladder Adjustable in

length. Shall not exceed 60 feet.
Types of Ladders
Safety precautions for ladders use

• Ladders shall be placed with a secure footing, or they shall be lashed, or held in position.
• Ladder used to gain access to a roof or other area shall extend at least 3 feet above the point of support.
• The foot of a ladder shall be used at such a pitch that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder
is one-quarter of the working length of the ladder.
• The workers shall always face the ladder when climbing up or down.
• Short ladders shall not be spliced together to make a long ladder
• Ladders shall never be used in horizontal position as scaffolds or working platforms
• The top of a regular stepladder shall not be used as a step
• Use both hands when climbing or descending ladders
• Metal ladder shall never be used near electrical equipment
• Extension ladders overlap:
o 3 feet for ladders less than 36 feet
o 4 feet for ladders between 36-48 feet
o 5 feet for ladders 48-60 feet
Safety Precautions for ladders use
Case Study- Three Points of Contact
Fall
Protection
Fall Protection Systems
• Guardrail Systems
• Personal Fall Arrest Systems
• Positioning Device Systems
• Safety Net Systems
 • Top-rail must be between 38’’- 45’’
above the platform surface
• Top-rails must be capable of supporting
1- Guardrail 200 lbs. applied in an downward or
outward direction.

Systems • Mid-rails shall be installed at a height of

approximately midway between the top
edge of the top-rail and the platform
surface.
• Mid-rails must be capable of supporting
150 lbs. applied in an downward or
outward direction.
• Toe-boards shall withstand 50 lbs. of
force applied in a downward or outward
direction and shall be at least 3 1/2”
high. Clearance above the platform shall
not exceed 1/4”
2- Personal Fall Arrest • Consist of Anchorage points, lifelines.
Lanyards and full-body harness

Systems • Effective January 1, 1998, body belts are

not acceptable as part of a personal fall
arrest system.
• Limit maximum arresting force on an
employee to 1,800 pounds (8 kN) when
used with a body harness

• Rigged such that an employee can neither

free fall more than 6 feet (1.8 m), nor
contact any lower level;
• bring an employee to a complete stop and
limit maximum deceleration distance an
employee travels to 3.5 feet (1.07 m)
• have sufficient strength to withstand twice
the potential impact energy of an employee
free falling a distance of 6 feet (1.8 m), or
the free fall distance permitted by the
system, whichever is less

• Dee-rings and snap hooks shall have a

minimum tensile strength of 5,000 pounds
(22.2 kN).
 • The attachment point of the body harness
shall be located in the center of the

Safety Harness
wearer's back near shoulder level, or above
the wearer's head.
• Body belts, harnesses, and components
shall be used only for employee protection
(as part of a personal fall arrest system or
positioning device system) and not to hoist
materials.
• Personal fall arrest systems and
components subjected to impact loading
shall be immediately removed from service
and shall not be used again for employee
protection until inspected and determined
by a competent person to be undamaged
and suitable for reuse.
• The employer shall provide for prompt
rescue of employees in the event of a fall
or shall assure that employees are able to
rescue themselves.
• Personal fall arrest systems shall be
inspected prior to each use for wear,
damage and other deterioration, and
defective components shall be removed
from service.
 • Positioning devices shall be rigged

Positioning Device such that an employee cannot free

fall more than 2 feet (.6m).

Systems • Positioning devices shall be

secured to an anchorage capable
of supporting at least twice the
potential impact load of an
employee's fall or 3,000 pounds
(13.3 kN), whichever is greater
• Connectors shall be drop forged,
pressed or formed steel, or made
of equivalent materials.
• Connecting assemblies shall have a
minimum tensile strength of 5,000
pounds (22.2 kN)
• Dee-rings and snaphooks shall be
proof-tested to a minimum tensile
load of 3,600 pounds (16 kN)
without cracking, breaking, or
taking permanent deformation.
 • Safety nets shall be installed as close as practicable under the
walking/working surface on which employees are working, but in

Safety Net Systems

no case more than 30 feet (9.1 m) below such level
• Safety nets and safety net installations shall be drop-tested at the
jobsite after initial installation and before being used as a fall
protection system, whenever relocated, after major repair, and at 6-
month intervals if left in one place.
• The drop-test shall consist of a 400 pound (180 kg) bag of sand 30 +
or - 2 inches (76 + or - 5 cm) in diameter dropped into the net from
the highest walking/working surface at which employees are
exposed to fall hazards, but not from less than 42 inches (1.1 m)
above that level.
• Safety nets shall be inspected at least once a week for wear,
damage, and other deterioration. Defective components shall be
removed from service. Safety nets shall also be inspected after any
occurrence which could affect the integrity of the safety net system.
• Materials, scrap pieces, equipment, and tools which have fallen into
the safety net shall be removed as soon as possible from the net
and at least before the next work shift.
• The maximum size of each safety net mesh opening shall not
exceed 36 square inches (230 cm) nor be longer than 6 inches (15
cm) on any side, and the opening, measured center-to-center of
mesh ropes or webbing, shall not be longer than 6 inches (15 cm).
All mesh crossings shall be secured to prevent enlargement of the
mesh opening.
• Each safety net (or section of it) shall have a border rope for
webbing with a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds (22.2
kN).
 • In addition to hard hats, each
Falling objects protection employee on a scaffold shall
be provided with additional
protection from falling hand
tools, debris, and other small
objects through the
installation of:

• Barricades
• Toe boards
• Screens
• Debris nets
• Catch platforms
• Canopy structures
Fall Protection System
Scaffolds
 Basic Definitions

The Most Common Types of Scaffolds

The Hazards of Scaffold

Contents
General Requirements

The Correct Procedures for Erecting,

Dismantling, Moving and Inspecting Scaffolds
 A competent person is able
to:

• identify existing and

predictable hazards
Scaffold
competent • identify working conditions
that are unsanitary,
person hazardous
or dangerous and

• has authority to eliminate

hazards
 • An Elevated, Temporary Work

Scaffold Platform

• Three Basic Types:

1. Supported scaffolds --
platforms supported by rigid,
load bearing members, such
as poles, legs, frames &
outriggers

2. Suspended scaffolds --
platforms suspended by
ropes or other non-rigid,
overhead support

3. Aerial Lifts -- such as “cherry

pickers” or “boom trucks”
 Types of
scaffoldings
A. Frame Scaffoldings

B. Tube and Clamp Scaffoldings

C. Modular System Scaffoldings

D. Rolling Scaffoldings- Mobile

Tower Scaffoldings

E. Suspended Scaffoldings

09/13/2023 61
 • The primary steel scaffoldings system

A. Frame scaffoldings • It is primarily for rectangular jobs.

• It is relatively simple and fast to erect,
provided the surface is level, and the
access is not restricted.
• OSHA refers to frame scaffolds as
sectional steel scaffold.
• There are two basic parts to a frame
scaffolds – The frame and the cross
brace.
• Scaffold frames are available in two
basic configurations:
o The end frame
o The walk-through frame.

• Frames and panels shall be joined

together vertically by coupling or
stacking pins (or equivalent means).

09/13/2023
Frame Scaffolding
B. Tube and clamp scaffoldings

• To accommodate jobs too difficult for

frame scaffolding, because of the
obstruction, limited access.

• Tube and clamp requires much greater

expertise to erect.
• Main Couplers used
o Swivel Coupler: a Load-bearing coupler for
joining tubes at any angle when the use of
right angle coupler is not possible.

o Right Angle Coupler: a Load-bearing coupler

for joining tubes at right angles
Tube and
Clamp
C. Modular system • The advantage that
scaffoldings modular systems have
over tube and clamp is
that they do not require
the high degree of
expertise.

• Once the base is set, the

erector does not have to
worry about the location
of connections.
Modular
System
D. Rolling scaffolds- • When height to minimum base

mobile tower scaffolds width ratio of the scaffold

exceeds 2:1, stabilizers are
required.
• Casters (brakes)
• Adjustable screws with base
plates
• Ladder should be fixed to the
narrowest width of the scaffold
• Scaffold casters and wheels shall
be locked with positive wheel
and/or wheel and swivel locks to
prevent movement of the scaffold
while the scaffold is used in a
stationary manner.
Case Study
 • Suspended scaffold platform
E. Suspended scaffold not to be less than 20’’ (50 cm)
or more than 36’’ (91 cm) wide.

• Wire, synthetic or fiber ropes

to be 6 times the rated load.

• Each worker to have safety

harness and life line.
• All suspended scaffold devices
must rest on surfaces capable
of supporting four times the
rated load of the hoist
• Platforms suspended by ropes
or wires. Rope must be capable
of supporting 6 times the load
Main Reasons of
scaffold
accidents:
• Unsafe Construction
• Unsafe Materials
• Unsafe Use
 • About two of every three

Hazards construction workers work on

scaffolds frequently.

• Employees working on scaffolds are

exposed to these hazards:
• Falls from elevation – caused by
slipping, unsafe access, and the
lack of fall protection
• Struck by falling tools / debris
• Electrocution – from overhead
power lines
• Scaffold collapse - caused by
instability or overloading
• Bad planking giving way
General
Requirements

Proper Selection
of Scaffold
 • What is the intended use?

• what work tasks are involved

• anticipated loads (materials & equipment)
• how many people will be on it
• unique building configurations
• obstructions, such as electrical or piping

1. • What are the site conditions?

Preparation •
•
•
Debris to be cleared
Uneven grade/slopes to consider
Foundation type
• Soil conditions
• Concrete foundation
• Pavement/asphalt foundation
• Weather conditions
• How high will the scaffold be?
• Will scaffold need to be secured or designed by a qualified person

• What work will be performed on it?

• Welding or heat-producing tasks
• How many people will be on the scaffold

• Will pedestrians be affected?

• Building accesses must be maintained
• Overhead protection may be required
 • Erect, alter, move, and
dismantle under the
2. Proper Erection supervision of a competent
person!

• Build to OSHA/ AGREED

standards.

• Use the appropriate fall

protection system for the
situation
3. Safe Use • Maximum Capacity
• Inspection
• Electrical Clearances
• Snow, Ice, Mud
• Storms, High Winds
• Debris
• Working Level Height
• Fall Protection
• Falling Object Protection
Fall Protection

• Guardrail
• Fall Protection Systems
 • Top-rail must be between 38’’- 45’’ above the
platform surface

Guardrail • Top-rails must be capable of supporting 200 lbs.

applied in an downward or outward direction.
• Mid-rails shall be installed at a height of
approximately midway between the top edge of
the top-rail and the platform surface.
• Mid-rails must be capable of supporting 150 lbs.
applied in an downward or outward direction.
• Toe-boards shall withstand 50 lbs. of force applied
in a downward or outward direction and shall be
at least 3 1/2” high. Clearance above the platform
shall not exceed 1/4”
• Cross-bracing is acceptable in place of a mid-rail
when the crossing point of two braces is between
20” - 30” (51-76 cm) above the work platform.

• Cross-bracing is acceptable in place of a top-rail

when the crossing point of two braces is between
38” - 48” (96.5-122 cm) above the work platform.

• It can not serve as both

 • Personal fall arrest systems
Personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds (when the
guardrail system does not
protect you) shall be
attached by lanyard to:

1. Vertical lifeline (1st choice),

2. Horizontal lifeline (2nd
choice),
3. Scaffold structural member
(Last choice)

• All Persons have to be trained

on the proper use of PFAS
including anchorage, lifeline
and body harness
Toe-boards

• Toe-boards shall withstand 50

lbs. of force applied in a
downward or outward
direction.
• At least 3 1/2” high
• securely fastened
• not more than 1/4” clearance
above the platform
• solid or with openings no
greater than 1”
 • You must be very careful when any of

Electricity
the following are in the vicinity of
power lines!

• tools/equipment you are using

• materials you are handling
• any scaffold component
• any part of your body

• Contact the power company ahead of

time for safety precautions to be
implemented!
• If a scaffold must be erected in an area
where power lines enter a building, the
power company:

• May be able to de-energize the

lines, or
• Guard and insulate the lines.
 • Checking of Scaffold Boards - A board
should not be used if:

Planks 1. Either end is split sufficient to

cause a weakness.
2. It is damaged by fracture or
saw cut, is splintered, has been
nailed, or concrete or plaster is
sticking to it.
3. It has had oil, corrosive liquid
or acid split on it.
4. It has any part painted (which
may cover up a weakness)
5. It is excessively warped, or if
any part is decayed.
Planks

• Wood scaffold planks should be nominal 2 inches x

10 inches. (actual 1.5” x 9¼”)

• Planks should bear the stamp of a grading agency

approved by the American Lumber Standards
Committee)

• The maximum span for wood planks should not

exceed 8 feet. (platform shall not deflect more than
1/60 of the span when loaded.

• Span of 8 feet for 25 pounds per square foot

• Span of 6 feet rated for 50 pounds per square foot

max.
 • Scaffolds with a height to base width

Securing
ratio of more than 4:1 shall be
restrained from tipping by guying,
tying, bracing, or equivalent means.

• It is essential that every scaffold be

adequately tied to the building
structure throughout its entire length
and height. If not, collapse of the
scaffold will occur.

• The bottom tie must be placed no

higher than four (4) times the
minimum base width and every 26 ft or
20 ft vertically thereafter.

• Horizontal ties will be at intervals not

4 to exceed 30 feet.

• At least 50% of ties should be positive.

1
Types of Ties
A-Through Ties (+ ve)

B- Reveal Ties (- ve)

C- Box Ties (+ ve)

D- Anchor Bolt (+ ve)

Base/ Footing • Base Plate Dimensions
6’’(15cm)*6’’(15CM).

• Shank Height 50mm

• Minimum Plate Thickness

¼’’ (6 mm)
• Available Thickness
(6,8,10)mm
• Metal Grade: 43
Foundations/ sills • Base plates must be placed
under the legs.
• Use mudsill continuous under
both legs of the scaffold. The
sill extends at least 9 inches
past the center line of the leg
and be of 2 inch x 10 inches
lumber.
 • Check scaffolding to see if it has

Disassembly been structurally altered in any

way which would make it unsafe.

• Reconstruct, if necessary, before

dismantling.

• Use proper access.

• Dismantle from the top down.

• Lower components by handing

down or lowering with a rope - do
not throw down!

• Stockpile in orderly manner.

Inspection • The Scaffold Competent Person
must inspect the scaffold:
• before each shift
• after an occurrence
which could affect the
scaffold’s integrity

• Check for visual defects, such

as:
• bent or damaged
components
• missing guardrails or
cross-bracing
• foundation remains
solid and firm
• proper access
Scaffolding Tags
Rated Load Capacity
Case Study
Answer
Topic-3

PPE
 • PPE Hazard Assessment
Course • Head Protection
Contents • Eye& Face Protection
• Hearing Protection
• Foot and Leg Protection
• Hand Protection
• Body Protection
1926.95 – 1926.103 • Protection of Respiratory System
1910.132 – 1910.138
 Employer shall identify and evaluate
workplace hazards and the required PPE

Employees shall provide suitable PPE to

all employees and train them on the safe
use
Introduction
PPE provided shall be of approved
materials and types and suitable for their
purpose.

Employees shall comply with PPE and

the training provided by the employer
PPE Hazard Assessment
• Safety-Related • Health-Related
• Electrocution • Noise
• Falls • Chemical Vapors
• Falling objects • Gases
• Flying objects • Lack of oxygen
• Lifting • Asbestos dust
• Hot objects • Silica Dust
• Asphalt Fumes
• Crushing
• Vibration
 Head
Protection
Eye and Face
Protection

• Eye Hazards
o Flying objects
o Particles and dusts
o Splashing liquids
• Main Types
o Glasses
o Goggles
o Face Shields
o Welding Shield
Selection of
Proper type
of eye and
face
protection
 Hearing Protection

• The standard states that if the 90 dB PEL is being exceeded, "feasible administrative or engineering
controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels within the permissible limits,
personal protective equipment shall be provided and used to reduce sound levels.
• Hearing Protectors:
• Hearing protectors shall be made available and shall be worn by all employees exposed to an 8-
hour TWA of 85 dBA or greater.
• Ear muffs
• Ear plugs
• Ear canal
• Hearing protectors will always have an assigned Noise Reduction Rating (NRR), which should be
printed on the packaging for each hearing protector.
• NRR is the amount of decibels by which a given device will reduce noise exposure, by subtracting
the NRR value from the noise exposure levels.
• OSHA requires that 7 dB must be subtracted first from the NRR and the remaining figure will be
subtracted from the noise exposure level.
 Foot and Leg Protection

• In 75% of foot injuries, workers were not wearing safety shoes

• Safety shoes shall have steel caps to protect workers toes.
• Safety shoes shall be slip resistant
• Some safety shoes are made of materials suitable for electrical activities and are anti
static.
• Shoes Classes
• Class 75 – Protection from a force of 75 foot-pounds& Compression of 2,500 pounds.
• Class 50 – Protection from a force of 50 foot-pounds& Compression of 1,750 pounds.
• Class 30 – Protection from a force of 30 foot-pounds& Compression of 1,000 pounds.

*Foot-pounds = weight of an object multiplied by the height at which it is dropped

 HAZARDS

Hand Protection • Exposure to hot or cold

material and objects
• Bumping into objects that
are sharp or pointed
• Sharp objects and
equipment
• Absorption of chemicals
through skin
• Damage to tissue from
solvents
• Electric shock
 • Kevlar protects against cuts,
slashes, and abrasion

Types of Gloves
• Stainless steel mesh protects
against cuts and lacerations
• Nitrile (Rubber) protects against
solvents, harsh chemicals, fats and
petroleum products and also
provides excellent resistance to cuts
and abrasions.
• Butyl (Rubber) provides the highest
permeation resistance to gas or
water vapors
• Electrical Gloves (rubber) Provides
protection against electrical current
• Welding Gloves
Body Protection

Types of Body Protection

• Coats
• Coveralls
• Aprons
• Full suits
• Fire entry suits
• Rainwear
Use
• High visibility clothing
• Personal flotation devices
• Puncture-resistant and cut-resistant
clothing
Protection of
Falling from
Height

Body Harness
Respiratory Protection

• Types
o Air Purifying Respirators
o Air supplying Respirators
 • Can not be used when
Air Purifying Respirators oxygen levels are lower than
19.5% as they do not supply
oxygen

• 5 types
o Vapors and gases
o Dust
o Vapors, gases and dust
o Toxic gases
o Powered air purifying
respirators
Air Purifying Respirators Fit Test (Seal
Check)

• Negative Pressure Fit Test

Place hand over the respirator cartridge or inhalation valves
and breath in. The respirator facepiece should collapse

• Positive Pressure Fit Test

Place hand over the Exhalation valve and breath out. The
respirator facepiece.
Air Supplying Respirators

• Are used when oxygen levels

are lower than 19.5%
Sandblasting
End Of Day One