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Models of Communication

The document discusses four models of communication: 1) Aristotle's model focuses on the speaker, message, and setting. The setting dictates the message. 2) Shannon and Weaver's model introduced the concept of "noise" - the message received may differ from what was sent due to interference. 3) Schramm's model asserts communication requires overlap between the speaker and listener's "fields of experience". 4) White's circular model has no beginning or end, and emphasizes feedback - the speaker monitors the listener's response.

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Jose Gonzalez
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23 views

Models of Communication

The document discusses four models of communication: 1) Aristotle's model focuses on the speaker, message, and setting. The setting dictates the message. 2) Shannon and Weaver's model introduced the concept of "noise" - the message received may differ from what was sent due to interference. 3) Schramm's model asserts communication requires overlap between the speaker and listener's "fields of experience". 4) White's circular model has no beginning or end, and emphasizes feedback - the speaker monitors the listener's response.

Uploaded by

Jose Gonzalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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N

F T IO
O CA
LS I
E N
D MU
O
M OM
C
Introducing the models of
communication

The communication process is best described


through discussion of different communication
models. In simple terms, model mean a
systematic description of phenomenon or
abstract process.
The best way to understand communication is to see it
graphically. Many authors and researcher have come
up with their own models based on what they want to
emphasize as being an important component of
communication.

The following four models of communication will introduce the


elements of communication, which will be discussed in the
next lesson.
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The first and earliest model is that of Aristotle (5BC), who was
a teacher of Rhetoric and even put up an academy to produce
good speaker.
The following is a representation of his model:

(MESSAGE) (LISTENER)
SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE
Although Aristotle focused on the speaker and the message, the
most important part in his model is the setting where the listener is
situated. It is the setting that dictates the message. The three
settings in Aristotle’s time were legal, deliberative , and
ceremonial. The legal setting meant the courts where ordinary
people defended themselves (there were no lawyers then). The
deliberative setting meant the political assemblies, the highest of
which was the Roman Senate. The Ceremonial Setting meant the
celebrations held when they won a war, when they lost a leader or
had a new one and when they welcomed a visiting leader from
another kingdom or country. Such occasions called for speeches of
welcome, poems of tribute or eulogies, and poems of lament.
CLAUDE SHANNON AND WARREN
WEAVER(1948)

The second model in which gave us the concept of “noise”.


This is often called the Telephone Model because it is based
on the experience of having the message interfered by the
“noise” from the telephone switchboard back in 1940s.
In this model, Shannon and weaver assert that the message sent
by the source (speaker) is not necessarily the message received
by the destination (listener). This is due to the intervention of
noise or anything that hampers the communication.

Information
Transmitter signal Receiver Destination
Source

Message Receive signal Message


Noise
Source

SHANNON WEAVER’S
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

The third model is that of Wilbur Schramm, who considered the


father of Mass Communication. He came up with five models,
but the Schramm model we are concerned with is the concepts
that explains why communication breakdown occurs.
Schramm asserts that communication can take place if and
only if there is an overlap between the field experience of
the speaker and the field of experience of the listener.

Field of Experience
Destination
Signal Decoder
Source Encoder

Field of Experience
WHITE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

The fourth model is that of Eugene White (1960), who tells us that
communication is circular and continuous without a beginning or end.
This is why he made a cyclical model. He also points out that
although we can assume that communication begins with thinking,
communication can actually be observed from any point in the circle.
SYMBOLIZI TRANSMITTIN
EXPRESSING
NG G

RECEIVING
THINKING

MONITORIN DECODING
FEEDBACK
G

WHITE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION


Eugene White contributed the concept of feedback to the field of
communication. Feedback is the perception by the speaker can
only receive feedback if the speaker is monitoring the listener. The
Speaker will know what the Listener’s Response is only if he/she
is paying attention.

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