Models of Communication
Models of Communication
F T IO
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Introducing the models of
communication
(MESSAGE) (LISTENER)
SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE
Although Aristotle focused on the speaker and the message, the
most important part in his model is the setting where the listener is
situated. It is the setting that dictates the message. The three
settings in Aristotle’s time were legal, deliberative , and
ceremonial. The legal setting meant the courts where ordinary
people defended themselves (there were no lawyers then). The
deliberative setting meant the political assemblies, the highest of
which was the Roman Senate. The Ceremonial Setting meant the
celebrations held when they won a war, when they lost a leader or
had a new one and when they welcomed a visiting leader from
another kingdom or country. Such occasions called for speeches of
welcome, poems of tribute or eulogies, and poems of lament.
CLAUDE SHANNON AND WARREN
WEAVER(1948)
Information
Transmitter signal Receiver Destination
Source
SHANNON WEAVER’S
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
Field of Experience
Destination
Signal Decoder
Source Encoder
Field of Experience
WHITE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The fourth model is that of Eugene White (1960), who tells us that
communication is circular and continuous without a beginning or end.
This is why he made a cyclical model. He also points out that
although we can assume that communication begins with thinking,
communication can actually be observed from any point in the circle.
SYMBOLIZI TRANSMITTIN
EXPRESSING
NG G
RECEIVING
THINKING
MONITORIN DECODING
FEEDBACK
G