Gender Identity and Socialization Process
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Pragyan Paramita MishraGender Identity and Socialization Process
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Pragyan Paramita MishraGENDER IDENTITY
AND
SOCIALIZATION
PROCESS
By-
P.Alibha Pipi Submitted To-
211773 Dr. Neha Bishnoi
B.Ed. 4th Semester Asst. Prof. of CUH
Session:-2021-23 Department of Teacher
Education
CONTENT
Gender
Gender Identity
History of Gender Identity
Types of Gender Identities
Gender Socialization
Agents of gender socialization
Conclusion
GENDER
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A person’s gender is how
they identity internally
and how they express
this externally. People
may use clothing,
appearances and
behaviors to express the
gender that they identify
with.
GENDER IDENTITY
The term gender identity refers to the personal sense of
an individual’s own gender.
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HISTORY OF
GENDER IDENTITY
Gender identity as a concept was popularized by
John Money in the 1960s. He founded the
Gender Identity Clinic at Johns Hopkins
University and formulated, defined, and coined
the term “gender role” and later expanded it to
gender-identity/role.
Agender- A person who has an internal sense of being 7
neither male nor female nor some combination of male and
female : of, relating to, or being a person whose
gender identity is genderless or neutral. Other terms for this
may include-
TYPES Neutral gender
Null gender
OF • Neutrois
GENDER Femininity- Identifying oneself of female gender and acting
accordingly is known as feminity.
IDENTITY Masculinity- Identifying oneself of female gender and acting
accordingly is known as masculinity.
Androgyny- Having both the characteristics of masculinity
and femininity at high level is called androgyny.
LGBTQIA- ( Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual)-
Lesbian - A women whose enduring physical and emotional attraction to other women.
Gay- People whose enduring physical, romantic, and/or emotional attractions are to people of the same
sex.
Bisexual- A person who can form enduring physical, romantic, and/or emotional attractions to those of
the same gender or more than one gender. People may experience this attraction in differing ways and
degrees over their lifetime. Bisexual people need not have had specific sexual experiences to be
bisexual; they need not have had any sexual experience at all to identify as bisexual.
Transgender- An umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs
from what is typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth. People under the transgender
umbrella may describe themselves using one or more of a wide variety of terms— including
transgender or nonbinary. Some transgender people are prescribed hormones by their doctors to bring
their bodies into alignment with their gender identity. Some undergo surgery as well. But not all
transgender people can or will take those steps, and a transgender identity is not dependent upon
physical appearance or medical procedures.
Queer- An adjective used by some people whose sexual orientation is not exclusively heterosexual or
straight. A queer community may be made up of people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender, and so on. Queer is also used to describe a particular gendered community. This is a
community made up of people who fall outside society’s prescribed male/female and
masculine/feminine.
Intersex- An adjective used to describe a person with one or more innate sex characteristics, including
genitals, internal reproductive organs, and chromosomes, that fall outside of traditional conceptions of
male or female bodies.
• Do not confuse having an intersex trait with being transgender
Asexual- A person who does not experience sexual attraction.
GENDER SOCIALIZATION
• Gender socialization refers to the socially approved
behaviors, gender norms, values, and attitudes that have
been associated with a biological sex.
• Gender socialization involves the teaching of gender
stereotypes. Gender stereotypes are certain behaviors and
attitudes that are considered characteristic of boys or girls.
An example of gender stereotyping is that girls are passive
and boys are aggressive. Most children begin to learn
gender stereotypes by the time they are three years old.
• Agents of gender socialization-
1. Family
2.Peers and School
3.Religion,caste,culture
4.Media
#Gender socialization begins at birth, intensifies during
adolescence and contributes to gender inequalities in
education, employment, income, empowerment, and
other significant outcomes of well-being during
adolescence and later in life
According to UNICEF - Adolescence is a critical
period in which gender attitudes and behaviors
intensify and new gender roles emerge.
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Gender expectations-
- Men denied access to nurturing, emotional and
care.
- Women denied to power, influence, achievement
and independence.
- Taking up the role of the father.
FAMILY
1. Building character
2. Expected behaviour
3. Actor of the patriarchal system
4. Gender construction
5. Attributes to masculinity and feminity
Role of school in challenging gender inequalities :-
Normalization of every gender and try to make students
SCHOOL understand that every gender is equal ,its not a shame to
have different gender diversity.
Decision – making
Against domestic violence and hold PT-sessions on
gender equality.
Voice out against better sanitation, security.
Appointments of female & transgender staffs.
Girls encouraged to choose mathematics, science and
engineering.
MEDIA
Mass media refers to all means of communication that can reach
out to the masses.
These includes-
Print Media ( Magazines and newspapers)
Electronic Media ( Films, Advertisements and Television)
Social Media ( Twitter, What's app, Facebook, Instagram)
Media plays a major role in the process of gender socialization
because it bombards individual with ideas and images of what
men and women are supposed to be.
Religion ,caste is an important aspect of people’s
life. A person’s thoughts, views and actions are
often shaped by the religion that she/he follows.
RELIGION,
Every culture has different guidelines about what
CASTE is appropriate for males and female.
AND The environment of a person strongly influences
CULTURE one’s gender socialization especially with
references to the kind of gender based
responsibilities one has to undertake in one’s
present and projected life.
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1. Historically, the Indian constitution from the core of fundamental rights guarantees the
Right to Privacy and the protection of sexual orientation by Article 14 (Equality before Law),
Article 15 (Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race, religion, caste, sex, place of
birth), Article 21 (Protection of life and liberty) and Article 19 (Freedom of expression) of
the Constitution.
2. For Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019
• http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/List-of-Laws-Related-to-Women
• Link on LGBTQ Rights in India-
https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-9407-rights-of-the-lgbt-community-in-india.
html
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CONCLUSION
Gender
REFERENCES
• https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-6958-rights-of-transgender-under-the-indian-legal-system.html
• https://www.npr.org/2021/06/02/996319297/gender-identity-pronouns-expression-guide-lgbtq#:~:text=Sex%20is%20typically%20categoriz
ed%20as,as%20male%2C%20female%20or%20nonbinary
.
• https://www.womensweb.in/2016/06/11-inspiring-gender-equality-quotes-will-leave-thinking/
• https://www.unicef-irc.org/evidence-for-action/what-is-gender-socialization-and-why-does-it-matter/
• https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/SexualOrientation/IESOGI/NHRIs/NHRC_India.docx
THANK YOU
