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Asian Regionalism

Regionalism refers to a political ideology that favors a specific region over a broader area. It can result from factors like geography, culture, language or political divisions. The document discusses Asian regionalism and how the region has been impacted by globalization through colonial rule, adoption of export-oriented growth strategies, and membership in international organizations like the IMF, WTO and Asian Financial Crisis. Both regionalization and deliberate regional cooperation have occurred while external forces and globalization have also shaped the Asian region.

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46 views13 pages

Asian Regionalism

Regionalism refers to a political ideology that favors a specific region over a broader area. It can result from factors like geography, culture, language or political divisions. The document discusses Asian regionalism and how the region has been impacted by globalization through colonial rule, adoption of export-oriented growth strategies, and membership in international organizations like the IMF, WTO and Asian Financial Crisis. Both regionalization and deliberate regional cooperation have occurred while external forces and globalization have also shaped the Asian region.

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Axel Neo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASIAN

REGIONALISM
LEARNING OUTCOME:

At the end of the learning episode, the student will be able


to:

1. Differentiate between regionalism and globalization

2. Identify the factors leading to a greater integration of


the Asian region;

3. Analyze how different Asian states confront the


challenges of globalization and regionalization .
REGIONALISM
• A political ideology that favors a specific region
over a greater area
• It usually results due to political separations,
religion, geography, cultural boundaries,
linguistic regions and managerial regions and
managerial divisions
AN EXTERNALIST VIEW OF
GLOBALIZATION
Regionalism and Regionalization

• Region. A collection of nations located in the same geographical area.


• Regionalization is the process of societal integration and often chaotic
social and economic interaction (groupings)
• The formal process of intergovernmental collaboration between two or
more governments is known as regionalism. It is a series of deliberate
operations undertaken by governments within a region to cooperate,
whereas regionalization is a less deliberate process that results from
these nations' policies.
REGIONALIZATION GLOBALIZATION

A process of dividing an A process by which the


area into smaller people of the world are
segments called regions unified into a single
society and function
together
The Region’s Strength

1. Asia – Pacific & South Asia: Northeast Asia, SEA, Pacific Islands, South Asia
2. Diversity: most progressive: South Korea, Japan, Singapore.
3. Most Poor: Cambodia, Laos, Nepal
4. Most Populated: China and India
5. World’s smallest: Bhutan and Maldives.
6. As a region:
a. 1/3 of the world’s land mass
b. 2/3 of the global population
c. Largest share of global GDP (35%)
d. Over 1/3 of worlds exports
e. Prevalence of poverty, HIV/AIDS, gender inequality and other socio economic
problems/
7. US strategy: Pacific pivot – committing more resources and attention to the region.
EXTERNALIST VIEW
The colonial rule and dominance of Western countries over
Asian countries is referred to as an externalist view. It also
describes the different experiences of these countries, such
as war, financial crisis, cultural homogenization and the
destruction of cultural diversity, and many other
experiences of Asian countries as they connect to the
world.
THE REGION AS AN OBJECT
IMPACTED BY GLOBALIZATION
1. Colonial rule and Dominance. According to this viewpoint, the more technologically and industrially
sophisticated western nations found ways to influence the area and, in some cases, covertly established
their political and economic supremacy. Many indigenous polities' domestic political institutions were
profoundly affected by this "first globalization." The following are some of the Asian nations that
colonists have ruled over:

a. Portuguese invasion of Melaka in 1511.

b. Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521.

c. Dutch followed in 17th century in Dutch east indies.

d. British consolidated their power in South Asia, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula while the French
eventually took control of Indo – China in the late 19th century.
2. World War II. Another method in which the region becomes both integrated and
impacted by foreign factors is through this. The Case of Japan and the United States
Concerns about political instability, failing economic reform, and the collapse of China all
prompted the US and its occupation to emphasize Japan's economic development and
integration into the global economy following WWII.

3. Adoption of export-oriented growth. In the 1980s and 1990s, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan
were able to adjust their economic policies in response to what they saw as a growing
international economic system, and they benefited from export-oriented growth strategies.

4. IMF and WB (Bretton Woods System). International Financial Institutions (IFIs), such
as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, have played an important role in
the development in financial investment (IMF). They were the pillars of economic
liberalization and globalization in the postwar global economy as part of the Bretton Woods
system. While the World Bank and the IMF were created to aid in the reconstruction of
Europe, they soon shifted their focus to the developing world, especially Southeast Asia.
5. Asian Financial Crisis. Poor policies, a weak government, corruption,
and insufficient liberalization are the root causes. The 1997 crisis was
influenced by globalization. Some contended that globalization had not gone
far enough. Other, more critical voices suggested that the problem was
exactly the uncontrolled capital that had resulted from globalization.

6. Membership to WTO. As a result, countries have enjoyed rapid


economic growth and have become far more linked into the global economy,
including joining the World Trade Organization (WTO)

7. Liberalization of Economy. The economy is being liberalized. High


levels of growth occurred, and the country grew increasingly connected into
the global economy.
EFFECTS ON POLITICS
The growth of democratic regimes has been linked to several causes, including
increasing middle classes, a more internationally connected globe, and the end
of the Cold War (Huntington,1991)

INFLUENCE ON CULTURE
Globalization is destroying cultural variety and causing cultural
homogenization.

INFLUENCE ON DIETS
There is also substantial evidence that Asian diets are becoming increasingly
westernized. According to a Japanese research, younger individuals consume
more meat and beer than their elders, while the elderly consume more rice,
vegetables, and fruits (Mori H., Lowe E., Clason D., and Gorman W., 2000)
GENERATING GLOBALIZATION:
ASIA AS A SPRINGBOARD
1. Spice Trade. Asia drove the world economy for most of early modern history, until
'falling behind' in the eighteenth century. Spices were already making their way
throughout the world, but Europeans were eager to cut out the middleman, as seen by
the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet.
2. Early modern world economy: Central was Asia. Some scholars have suggested that
in the early modern world economy, Asia, not the West, was the dominant global
power. It was the site of some of the world's most significant trade routes and was
more technologically advanced than the West in crucial disciplines such as science and
medicine.
3. Colonialism. Colonialism not only influenced the West as much as vice versa -
scholars have argued that colonies in Asia pacific and South Asia and elsewhere.

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