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Chapt01 Lecture

BIOLOGY

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Soumil Agarwal
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25 views

Chapt01 Lecture

BIOLOGY

Uploaded by

Soumil Agarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Chapter 1

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Why Biology is important to
study?

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Why animals camouflage?
How do they camouflage?

Any correlation between this and your response to yours friends pinch at your back?

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What is biology?

 Biology is the science that deals with living


beings.
 What is science?
– A process used to solve problems and understand
natural events
– Involves scientific procedure

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Basic Assumptions in Science
 Scientists approach their work with some basic
assumptions:
– Natural events have specific causes.
– These causes can be identified.
– Natural events follow general rules and patterns.
– Anyone can observe the same natural event.
– Natural laws hold true regardless of time and space
 Example: Falling apple onto the ground

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Cause and Effect Relationships

If you look for the cause behind each


phenomenon then there is a scientist sitting
inside you!!

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How to find cause behind each
effect?

 Observation
 Questioning and exploration
 Forming and testing hypotheses
 Evaluation of new information
 Review by peers

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The Scientific Method in Action

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The Science of Biology

 Biology is the study of living beings.


 Biology is
– the most diverse,
– Complicated,
– perhaps, the best application area of
– Physics
– Chemistry and
– Engineering!!
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Do you know?

 How Coulomb's law is obeyed in Biology?


 Nano-particle is one of the buzzing word to
many Physicist, Chemist and Engineers.
Can you name the naturally occurring, self-
sustaining nanoparticle on this earth?
 Name the world's most efficient food
processing unit?

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Application of Biology

Theoretical biology
Evolutionary biology, animal behavior,
biochemistry
Applied biology
Medicine, crop science, plant breeding, wildlife
management

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What makes something alive?

 Living beings can manipulate energy


 Trap energy
 Transform it
 Utilize it
 Release it
 Constant source of energy is required to
maintain this living system.
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Characteristics of Living Things

 Metabolic processes
– Organisms gain and store energy in the
chemical bonds in the nutrients they take in.
 Generative processes
– Organisms grow by increasing the number
of cells.
– Organisms reproduce either sexually or
asexually.
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Characteristics of Living Things

 Responsive processes
– Organisms react to changes in their
environment.
 Irritability:
the ability to recognize that
something in its surroundings has changed (a
stimulus) and respond to it quickly.
 Individual adaptation: a longer term response
to an environmental change.
 Evolution: changes in a population over time.
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Responsive processes

Irritability Individual adaptation

Evolution

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Characteristics of Living Things

 Control processes (homeostasis)


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– Enable organisms to carry out metabolic
processes in the right order.
 Coordination: Enzymes coordinate metabolic
reactions.
 Regulation: Enzymes are regulated in order to
maintain homeostasis.
 Unique structural organization
1-17 – Organisms are made of cells.
Levels of Biological Organization
 Biosphere—the worldwide ecosystem.
 Ecosystem—communities that interact with one
another in a particular place.
 Communities—populations of different
organisms interacting with each other in a
particular place.
 Population—a group of individual organisms in
a particular place.
 Organism—an independent living unit.
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Levels of Biological Organization
 Organ system—many organs that perform a particular
function.
 Organ—many tissues that perform a particular function.
 Tissue—many cells that perform a particular function.
 Cell—simplest unit that shows characteristics of life.
 Molecules—specific arrangements of atoms.
 Atoms—the fundamental units of matter.

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Human walk – involvement of
organ to molecules

Movement of limbs

Contraction of muscles

Motor action of myosin

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The Significance of Biology in our
Lives
 Biology has significantly contributed to our
high standard of living.
 For example:
– Advanced food production
– Significant progress in health
– Advances in disease control
– Advances in plant and animal breeding
– Advances in biotechnology
– Progress in genome studies
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Biological Research Improves Food
Production

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