CONTRACT N109A1

APPOINTMENT OF CONSULTANT FOR

SUPERVISION OF CIVIL CONTRACT N109A

QPS’ MONTHLY SHARING SESSION NO. 4

SEWER PIPE JACKING – METHOD, SEQUENCE AND

RISKS INVOLVED

Presented By: SRE Lim Sheng Hai

(LYL CONSULTANTS PTE LTD)
17 June 2020
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CONTENTS
1. Sewer Diversion – Layout Plan of N109A and
Longitudinal Section
2. Procedure of Sewer Diversion
3. Pipe Jacking Method
4. Sequence of Pipe Jacking
5. Risk Involved

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 1. SEWER DIVERSION -
LOCATION PLAN OF N109A

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N109A Overall Sewer Diversion Plan

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Localised Sewer Diversion Plan

Length: 299.915m
MH: 8 nos
Diameter of Sewer: 300/400mm

MH37 MH35

MH36
MH33
MH34
MH32 MH31

LEGEND
Jacking Shaft
09/20/2023
Receiving Shaft MH32A
Jacking and Receiving shaft
Jacking Direction
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LONGITUDINAL SECTION

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LONGITUDINAL SECTION

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SECTION OF CAISSON

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GEOLOGICAL PLAN AND PROFILE

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GEOLOGICAL PLAN AND PROFILE

- Proposed sewer alignment

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GEOLOGICAL PLAN AND PROFILE

- Proposed sewer alignment

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GEOLOGICAL PLAN AND PROFILE

- Proposed sewer alignment

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2. PROCEDURE OF
SEWER DIVERSION

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2. Procedure of Sewer Diversion

1.Required documents before commencement of works
–Development Control (DC) Approval Plans of Sewer Plan by PUB
–Earth Retaining or Stabilising Structures (ERSS) DESIGN
–Licensed Cable Detection Worker (LCDW) cable detection cable report
–Notification of Earthworks (NCE) & Permit to Dig (PTD)
2.Trial Trench and Trial Hole [100% identification of utilities within 2m radius].
3.Utilisation Plan submission and Erection Works of Site Hoarding
4.Manhole Caisson Shaft Construction works (Including utilities protection)
5.Form B Submission to PUB for Connection to Existing Sewerage System
6.PIPE JACKING (Micro Tunneling Method)
7.Manhole Construction works
8.Testing and Commissioning
9.Submitting the Completion of Work Form to PUB

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3. PIPE JACKING METHOD
- MICRO TUNNELING
METHOD

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PRINCIPLES OF MICRO TUNNELING SYSTEM

1. To counter balance earth pressures automatically
by mechanically managing the excavation speed,
cutting face pressure, jacking speed and jacking
force.
2. To balance ground water pressure by managing the
slurry pressure, flow, and density or viscosity.

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MICRO TUNNELING – Four Major Components

1. Shield Machine
2. Slurry System
3. Jacking Systems
4. Control System

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MICRO TUNNELING – The Shield

1. The Shield Machine
•The cutter heads or cutter is located at the front of pipe
line. It cuts down the soil ahead using mechanical motion
into smaller fragments.
•The slurry flow control valves are operated hydraulically or
electrically.
•The pipe alignment is achieved by a laser beam
transmitted from the jacking shaft to a target mounted
behind the cutter head in the shield.
•The shield is remotely controlled, all information are
transmitted to the operator by a camera mounted in front
of the Indication cum Target Board.
•As the shield is moving forward, the excavated soil is
pressed into the openings on the face of the shield. The
excavated materials are mixed with the charging slurry in
the slurry chamber and pumped to the surface through the
slurry discharge line.
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MICRO TUNNELING – The Shield Machine

Fig 1- Example of A 1.5m dia. SHIELD MACHINE 19

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MICRO TUNNELING – The Slurry Transportation

System
2. The Slurry System
• The system is capable of any adjustment required to
maintain face stability for all soil condition.
• The balancing of the ground water pressure is
managed by use of variable-speed slurry discharging
pump, pressure control valves and an electromagnetic
flow meter. The by-pass unit allows the direction of
flow to be changed, and/or isolated. It also enable
blockage to be cleared by reversing the flow.
• All signals are transmitted to the control panel housed
in the cabin.
• A camera shall also be installed to allow the operator
to view the operation of the Disposal plants.
• Settlement tanks are included in the slurry system to
allow the heavy sediments and sand to settle from the
excavated soil. The settled slurry is re-circulated. If
space permits a sand separating plant is also included.

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MICRO TUNNELING – The Jacking Systems

3. The Jacking Systems
 Pressure plate: A fabricated structure is installed between the
jacks and the thrust wall, for distributing and transmitting the
jacking force onto the thrust wall.
 Thrust ring: A steel ring placed between the main jacks and
the rear end of the jacking pipe for distributing the jacking
force around the end face of the pipe wall.
 Guide rails: A pair of steel beams for supporting the shield
machine and the pipe and to align them with the required
line and grade.

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MICRO TUNNELING – The Jacking Systems

4. The Control System (Control Cabin)
• Real-time line and level checks
• Maintains accuracy in difficult ground
• Allows remote operations

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Pipe Jacking Diagram

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4. SEQUENCE OF PIPE JACKING

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Sequence of Pipe jacking

Step 1: Set up the jacking machine into the jacking shaft.

JACKING SHAFT RECEIVING SHAFT

JACKING SHIELD

Step 2: Extend the hydraulic jacks to push the jacking machine into the ground.

JACKING SHAFT RECEIVING SHAFT

JACKING SHIELD

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Sequence of Pipe jacking

Step 3: Retract hydraulic jacks and load a pipe into the jacking shaft

RECEIVING SHAFT
FIRST PIPE

JACKING SHIELD

Step 4: Extend hydraulic jacks allowing the jacking shield and pipe to advance simul-
taneously

JACKING SHAFT RECEIVING SHAFT

JACKING SHIELD

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Sequence of Pipe jacking

Step 5: Load the intermediate jacking station when encounter a hard soil
(Jacking force is adequate to push the shield up to receiving shaft this is only a contingency
measure)

INTERMEDIATE
JACKING
STATION RECEIVING SHAFT

JACKING SHIELD

Step 6: Extend the hydraulic jacks allowing the intermediate jacking station to push
the pipe and the jacking shield

RECEIVING SHAFT
JACKING SHAFT

JACKING SHIELD

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Sequence of Pipe jacking

Step 7: Retract hydraulic jacks and load a pipe into the jacking shaft

JACKING SHAFT RECEIVING SHAFT

JACKING SHIELD

Step 8: Repeat step 7 until reaching the receiving shaft

JACKING SHAFT RECEIVING SHAFT

JACKING SHIELD

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Sequence of Pipe jacking

Step 9: Extracting of jacking shield and the pipe at the receiving shaft

JACKING SHAFT
JACKING SHIELD

Step 10: Extraction of the intermediate jacking station at the receiving shaft

INTERMEDIATE
JACKING
JACKING SHAFT STATION

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Pipe Jacking Record

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Video of Pipe Jacking

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5. RISKS INVOLVED

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Risk & Challenges During Pipe Jacking

- Confined space (shaft/tunnel environment)
1. Apply and comply to PTW for confined space(Site and PUB Form B PTW
system).
2. Competent and qualified Confined Space Safety Assessors (CSSA) to conduct
atmospheric check every 4 hours interval.
3.
a. Oxygen level shall be of range 19.5 to 23.5%.
b. The level of flammable gas or vapor in the confined space is less than
10% of its lower explosive limit.
c. Level of toxic substance in atmosphere of the confined space does not
exceed the levels as specified in the first schedule of the Workplace
Safety and Health (General Provisions) Regulations.
4. Continuous force ventilation shall be provided.
5. Trained personnel to work in confined space(worker/supervisor/CSSA).
6. Daily briefing of hazards in Confined Space during TBM.
7. Strictly No incompatible work is allow.

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Confined Space Entry Permit

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Risk & Challenges During Pipe Jacking

- Fall from height during access and egress into confined
space and Tools/Materials falling into the shaft
1. Brief on safe use of access ladder.
2. 3 point contact at all time.
3. Ensure access ladder are in good condition.
4. One person to access ladder at a time.
5. Workers are trained to Working at Heights (WAH).
6. Ensure hard barricade and toe board in properly installed before any
workers go into the shaft.
7. Do not place any material near the shaft area, at least 1 Meter away from
the shaft.

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Risk & Challenges During Pipe Jacking

- Struck during lifting operation
1. Ensure proper rigging method.
2. Use valid and approve lifting gears.
3. Ensure lifting gears have valid certificate.
4. Daily inspection of lifting gears.
5. Present of qualified lifting team.
6. Use of tagline to control load.
7. Cordon work area for lifting operation.

- Poor soil condition resulting in soil erosion

1. Construct temporary shaft according to PE design and calculation.
2. Inspection by PE and endorse COS once satisfy with construction works.
3. Present of attendant to monitor any change in soil condition.
4. To alert workers in the caisson during emergency.
5. To conduct head count and report to PM in event of emergence.

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Risk & Challenges During Pipe Jacking

- Flooding inside shaft
1. Stop all work in the event of heavy rain and evacuate area.
2. Continuous dewatering to prevent flooding.
3. Ensure standby of working pump.
4. Provide tag line and wear harness.
5. Standby Life buoy unknown obstructions during pipe jacking.

- Poor visibility/ lighting

1. Provision of spark proof electrical lighting.
2. Provide personal intrinsic safe torch light.

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Risk & Challenges During Pipe Jacking

- Damage to existing services
1. Peg out the alignment before jacking.
2. LCDW to detect any existing crossing cables.
3. Conduct trial holes to determine depth of cables or pipes.
4. Experience jacking operator to ensure proper control of machine.
5. Disruption of essential services.

- Unexpected obstruction during pipe jacking installation

and operation
1. Ensure supervisor is on site during operation and keep a look out for
unexpected obstruction, so that it can notice the problem immediately.
2. Tell the workers and operator to stop the work immediately, resume the
work after the obstruction is clear.

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Risk 1: Damage to Utilities inside the Shaft

Damage to the existing utilities, the gap between existing utilities
only 1300 to 1800mm.

Lowering of Jacking Frame at

MH36 Sewer Shaft Plan View MH36
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Risk 1: Damage to Utilities inside the Shaft

Lowering of Sewer Pipe Lowering of Precast Chamber

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Risk 1: Damage to Utilities inside the Shaft

Mitigation:
• Check and ensure the lifting machine parking stability (provide
adequate steel plate) and the lifting machine & lifting gear’s are in
good physical condition with 6 months validity according to LTA
standard.
• During Lifting works, appointed lifting team in place,
• Protection for exposed utilities
• Two Tag line to control the load movement

Contingency Measure:
• Stop work
• Inform to project parties and
the agencies.

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Risk 2: Damage to Surrounding Utilities

Risk:
Damage to the existing utilities
(Water Pipe and other)

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Risk 2: Damage to Surrounding Utilities

Mitigation:
• Install the Instrumentation
of Utility Settlement
Marker and Monitoring for
Existing Utilities.

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Risk 2: Damage to Surrounding Utilities

Mitigation:
• Install the Instrumentation
of Utility Settlement
Marker and Monitoring for
Existing Water Pipe.
• Install the Instrumentation
of Water Stand Pipe and
Monitoring for Water Level
(Suggestion).

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Risk 2: Damage to Surrounding Utilities

(3 Water Pipes)

Contingency Measure:
• Stop work
• Inform to project parties
and the agencies.

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Q&A

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