Pointers and strings

String: is a collection of characters and it ends with \0 character. Or character

array
ex. char str[6]= {‘H’, ’e’, ’l’, ’l’, ‘\0’};

A string name or a character array name can be a character pointer pointing to base address .

char str[6]=“hello”;
str=1000; // str is a character pointer
Each character in the string str takes 1 byte of memory space
 Pointers and strings

int main()
{
char str[50];
No need for ‘&’
scanf ("%s",str);
printf ("%s",str); Why??

return 0;
}
 Pointers and strings

int main()
{ Input:
char str[30]; hello
scanf(“%s”, str);
printf(“%s”, str);
return 0; Output:
} hello
 Pointers and strings

‘b’
‘b’ 2000
1000
int main() { ‘r’
‘r’
1001 2001
char abcd[ ] = "bro!"; ‘o’
‘o
1002 2002
printf("%s",abcd); ’‘!’
‘!’ 2003
1003
return 0; ‘\0’
‘\0’
1004 2004
} .
Output:
bro!
Pointers and Character Array
‘b’
‘b’ 2000
1000
int main() { ‘r’
‘r’
1001 2001
char abcd[8] = "bro!"; ‘o’
1002 2002
printf("%s",abcd); ‘!’
‘!’
1003 2003
return 0; ‘\0’
‘\0’
1004 2004
} . 2005 0
Output: 0
2006
bro! 2007
0
Character Pointer

int main()
1000 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
{
1001 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
char *ptr = “abc”; 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
1002
printf(“%s”, ptr); 1003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

}
Character Pointer

int main()
{ ptr 1000 97

1001 98
char *ptr = “abc”; 1000
1002 99
printf(“%s”, ptr); 3000 1003 0
}

Output:
abc
Character Pointer

int main()
{ ptr 1000 97

1001 98
char *ptr = “abc”; 1001
1000
1002 99
ptr = ptr + 1; 3000 - 3001 1003 0
printf(“%s”, ptr);
} Output:
bc
Character Pointer

int main()
999 GV
{ ptr
1000 97
char *ptr = “abc”; 999
1000 1001 98

ptr = ptr - 1; 1002 99

3000 - 3001
1003 0
printf(“%s”, ptr);
Output:
} i) If GV = 0
ii) If GV != 0
Q) Write a c program to Calculate the length of the string
#include <stdio.h>
int calculateLength(char* ch) // ch = base address of array str1
int calculateLength(char*);
( &str1[0] )
{
void main()
int ctr = 0;
{
while (*ch != '\0')
char str1[25];
{
int l;
ctr++;
printf("\n\n Pointer : Calculate the length of the
ch++;
string :\n");
}
printf("----------------------------------------------\n");
return ctr;
}
printf(" Input a string : ");
fgets(str1, sizeof str1, stdin);

l = calculateLength(str1);
printf(" The length of the given string %s is : %d ", str1, l-
1);
printf("\n\n");

}
Q) Write a program in C to print a string in reverse using a pointer.

Test Data :
Input a string : NAVEEN
Expected Output :

Pointer : Print a string in reverse order :

------------------------------------------------
Input a string : NAVEEN

Reverse of the string is : NEEVAN

 Q) Write a program in C to print a string in reverse using a pointer.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ while(*stptr)
{
char str1[50]; stptr++;
char revstr[50]; i++;
char *stptr = str1; }
while(i>=0)
char *rvptr = revstr; {
int i=-1; stptr--;
printf("\n Print a string in reverse order :\n"); *rvptr = *stptr;
rvptr++;
printf("------------------------------------------------\n");
--i;
printf(" Input a string : "); }
scanf("%s",str1); *rvptr='\0';
printf(" Reverse of the string is : %s\n\n",revstr);
return 0;
}
Q) Write a program in C to count the number of vowels and consonants in a string
using a pointer.

Test Data :
Input a string: string
Expected Output :

Number of vowels : 1

Number of constant : 5
//program in C to count the number of vowels and consonants in a string using a pointer.
#include <stdio.h> ctrV=ctrC=0;
int main() while(*pt!='\0')
{
{ if(*pt=='A' ||*pt=='E' ||*pt=='I' ||*pt=='O' ||*pt=='U'
char str1[50]; ||*pt=='a' ||*pt=='e' ||*pt=='i' ||*pt=='o' ||*pt=='u')
char *pt; ctrV++;
else
int ctrV,ctrC; ctrC++;
printf("\nCount the number of vowels and pt++; //ptr is increasing for searching the next character
consonants :\n"); }
printf("-----------------------------\n");
printf(" Number of vowels : %d\n Number of consonants :
printf(" Input a string: "); %d\n",ctrV,ctrC-1);
fgets(str1, sizeof str1, stdin);
return 0;
}
//assign address of str1 to pt
pt=str1;