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Matric 1rst CHPTR

1. Plants and animals exchange gases for respiration and photosynthesis. Plants take in CO2 and release O2 during photosynthesis, while taking in O2 and releasing CO2 during respiration. 2. Gas exchange in plants occurs through stomata, which are microscopic openings in leaves operated by guard cells that open and close the stomata. 3. Photosynthesis is an anabolic process that produces food, while respiration is a catabolic process that breaks down food and releases energy. Photosynthesis uses CO2 and releases O2 during the day, while respiration uses O2 and releases CO2 at all times.

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Dr. Mariam Sahito
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37 views

Matric 1rst CHPTR

1. Plants and animals exchange gases for respiration and photosynthesis. Plants take in CO2 and release O2 during photosynthesis, while taking in O2 and releasing CO2 during respiration. 2. Gas exchange in plants occurs through stomata, which are microscopic openings in leaves operated by guard cells that open and close the stomata. 3. Photosynthesis is an anabolic process that produces food, while respiration is a catabolic process that breaks down food and releases energy. Photosynthesis uses CO2 and releases O2 during the day, while respiration uses O2 and releases CO2 at all times.

Uploaded by

Dr. Mariam Sahito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

1. GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Introduction:
All living organisms must need to exchange oxygen
and carbon dioxide gases with their environment to
carry out their vital functions such as respiration. In
addition to respiration, photoautotrophs like plants
do carry out gaseous exchange for the process of
photosynthesis. Aquatic organisms exchange gases
with water while terrestrial ones with air.
GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN PLANTS
• plants exchange gases for the processes of photosynthesis
and respiration.
• During the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken
in while oxygen is given out whereas in respiration, oxygen is
taken in and carbon dioxide is given out.
• During daytime, green parts of the plants carry out the
process of Photosynthesis to prepare complex food molecules
(organic molecules) by utilizing simple molecules such as
carbon dioxide gas and water.
• During this process, carbon dioxide gas is taken in while
oxygen gas released as by-product is given out.
• Respiration on the other hand, takes place in all
living cells. It is the process in which food is
oxidized to release energy.
• In aerobic respiration, it involves taking in of
oxygen and given out of carbon dioxide.
• The process of exchange of gases in plants
takes place mainly through minute openings
called stomata present in leaves.
• The roots and stem do exchange gases for
respiration.
Photosynthesis v/s Respiration
Photosynthesis Respiration
1. Anabolic process. 1. Catabolic process.

2. Synthesis of food from simple, 2. Breaking down of food into


inorganic substances. inorganic substances.
3. Requires light energy. 3. Does not require light energy.

4. Occurs in plants 4. Occurs in all living organisms.

5. Uses carbon dioxide gas. 5. Uses oxygen gas.

6. Releases oxygen gas. 6. Releases carbon dioxide gas.

7. Takes place during day-time. 7. Takes place all the times.

8. Chlorophyll is required. 8. Chlorophyll not required.


Stomata: (Singular Stoma means mouth)

These are microscopic openings present in the epidermis of


leaves. Through these openings, plants exchange gases with
their environment.
Each stoma is a slit like opening formed by two
special cells called guard cells.
Cell Wall Of The Leaf

They are chlorophyll containing cells with thicker inner while thinner and elastic
outer cell walls. . During daytime, as a result of ongoing process of photosynthesis,
the accumulation of photosynthetic solutes causes increase in turgidity of the guard
cells. Thus stomata are opened and the process of taking in of carbon dioxide and
giving out of oxygen begins until it becomes dark.
2. GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN ANIMALS

• Introduction:
Like plants, animals do exchange gases with
their environment for the respiration process.
In order to obtain energy from food, they take
in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. So the
process of gaseous exchange is ultimately
linked with the respiration.

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