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AZOTURIA

This document discusses azoturia, also known as exertional rhabdomyolysis or tying-up syndrome, which is a metabolic muscular disorder that mainly affects draft horses. It is characterized by stiffness, lameness, and in severe cases myoglobinuria. The disorder occurs when horses exercise after a period of at least two days of rest and a full diet, causing lactic acid accumulation and muscle degeneration. Clinical signs range from poor performance to reluctance to move and dog sitting posture. Treatment focuses on keeping horses standing and hydrated to prevent kidney damage from myoglobin.

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Daksh Sabharwal
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89 views14 pages

AZOTURIA

This document discusses azoturia, also known as exertional rhabdomyolysis or tying-up syndrome, which is a metabolic muscular disorder that mainly affects draft horses. It is characterized by stiffness, lameness, and in severe cases myoglobinuria. The disorder occurs when horses exercise after a period of at least two days of rest and a full diet, causing lactic acid accumulation and muscle degeneration. Clinical signs range from poor performance to reluctance to move and dog sitting posture. Treatment focuses on keeping horses standing and hydrated to prevent kidney damage from myoglobin.

Uploaded by

Daksh Sabharwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AZOTURIA

Dr Sonam Bhatt
Asstt Prof
Veterinary Medicine
BVC, Basu
Exertional rhabdomyolysis

Tying-up

“Cording-up” Syndrome of Horses

Paralytic myoglobinuria

Monday Morning Disease


 Multifactorial myopathy
 Mainly affects draft horses
 Metabolic muscular disorder of horses
 Clinically characterised by –
 Stiffness in gait & reluctance to move
 Lameness
 Hardening of massive muscles
 In severe cases ----myoglobinuria
 Disease occurs during exercise after a period of atleast 2
days of complete rest on a full working ration
PATHOGENESIS
 During exercise the large store of glycogen formed
during the period of rest in the muscles metabolized
to sarcolactic acid
 2- Accumulation of lactic acid leads to:
 a- Degeneration of the muscles and liberation of
myoglobin (muscle haemoglobin)
 b- Swelling of muscle because lactic acid is
hydrophilic
CLINICAL SIGNS
 In very mild cases: only poor performance
 Mild cases: stiffness in gait
 Severe cases:
 Profuse sweating, stiffness in gait & reluctance to move
 Horse assumes a dog-sitting position followed by
lateral recumbency, laying down & repeated attempts to
rise, often with nervous signs
 Rapid respiration, weak pulse & temp. may rise to
40.5 C
 Hard board like muscles particularly of hind legs
 Dark-red brown urine (myoglobinuria)
Dog sitting posture Red color urine

Sweating
PROGNOSIS
 Good if animal remains standing
 Death occur in recumbent horse due to decubital
septicemia or myoglobinuric nephrosis & uraemia
DIAGNOSIS
1. History

2. Clinical signs

3. Laboratory diagnosis:
 Determination of muscle specific enzymes CPK & AST
 Histopathology:
 Hyaline degeneration of heavy muscles (Zenker’s
necrosis), myonecrosis
TREATMENT
 Animal should be kept as quiet as possible, and
attempts should be made to keep it standing
 Good nursing care & precautions taken to prevent
development of decubital ulcers
 Nervous, restless animals, or those showing evidence
of pain, should be given sedatives such as chloral
hydrate or tranquilizers
 Give Na bicarbonate IV or orally for alkalization of urine
to minimise nephrotoxicity

 I/V injection of large quantities of fluids and electrolytes to


maintain high rate of urine flow to avoid renal tubule
blockage and subsequent uraemia

 I/M injection Thiamine daily to increase the tolerance of


blood to lactic acid by increasing lactic acid metabolism
• NSAIDs such as Flunixin and Phenylbutazone
may be used to control the pain

• Antihistaminics, Vit. E & selenium may be useful

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