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G8 UsIng Parallel Structure As A Cohesive Device

The document discusses using parallel structure as a cohesive device in writing. It defines parallel structure as using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance, which can occur at the word, phrase, or clause level when joined with coordinating conjunctions. Examples are provided of parallel and non-parallel structures using words, phrases, sentences and different parts of speech. Maintaining parallel structure promotes clarity and readability.

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Vincent Ofiana
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76 views

G8 UsIng Parallel Structure As A Cohesive Device

The document discusses using parallel structure as a cohesive device in writing. It defines parallel structure as using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance, which can occur at the word, phrase, or clause level when joined with coordinating conjunctions. Examples are provided of parallel and non-parallel structures using words, phrases, sentences and different parts of speech. Maintaining parallel structure promotes clarity and readability.

Uploaded by

Vincent Ofiana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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USING PARALLEL

STRUCTURE AS A
COHESIVE DEVICE
-T. VINCENT
GOALS

• Recognize and use parallel structures


containing sentences of the same pattern and
words of the same parts of speech.
WHEN ARE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE
PARALLEL?
PARALLEL STRUCTURE

• Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to


show that two or more ideas have the same level of
importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause
level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use
of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."
WORDS AND PHRASES

• With the -ing form (gerund) of words:


Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling.
• With infinitive phrases:
Parallel:
Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle.
OR
Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.
(Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.)
DO NOT MIX FORMS.
• Example 1
Not Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
• Example 2
Not Parallel:
The production manager was asked to write his report
quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner.
Parallel:
The production manager was asked to write his report
quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.
• Example 3
Not Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor student because he
waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his
lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation was low.
Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor student because he
waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his
lab problems in a careless manner, and lacked motivation.
A parallel structure may contain sentences of the same pattern, such as
those in Lions Roar.”
Lions roar, eagles soar,
Leopards growl, cheetahs prowl,
Snakes slide, eagles glide,
Monkeys leap, snails creep,
Ants heap, fledglings cheep,
Birds sing, wasps sting
Panthers stalk, people talk.
WHERE IS THE RAIN?

The rain has come, the rivers will flow.


(both sentences consist of a subject and an intransitive verb.)
The sun is so hot, and the land is so dry.
(both sentences consisting of a subject, a linking verb, and a
predicate adjective)
OTHER PARALLEL STRUCTURES CONTAIN
WORDS OF THE SAME PART SPEECH

1. Nouns parallel to nouns


Ex.
The dry weather worries all animals in the landpreys,
predators, plant eaters, and meat-eaters alike.
2. Verbs parallel to verbs
Ex.
Unseen animals glide, crawl, creep, and prowl in the
dark night.
3. Adjectives parallel to adjectives
Ex.
The miners walked in the rain – tired, cold, and wet.
4. Adverbs parallel to adverbs
Ex.
Lamely and unsteadily, the wounded leopard limped
away.

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