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Endocrine Group 1

The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system including its major glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pancreas. It also covers hypothyroidism vs hyperthyroidism and their nursing management as well as hypoparathyroidism vs hyperparathyroidism, their signs and symptoms, diagnosis and nursing care.

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Shermine Keith Doctolero
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46 views

Endocrine Group 1

The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system including its major glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pancreas. It also covers hypothyroidism vs hyperthyroidism and their nursing management as well as hypoparathyroidism vs hyperparathyroidism, their signs and symptoms, diagnosis and nursing care.

Uploaded by

Shermine Keith Doctolero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENDOCRINE

SYSTEM
Group 1
Jester Agub Micha Javier

Divine Cabacungan Shirstian Joy Lunang

Shermine Keith Doctolero Jane Rumbaoa

Trisha Mae Teppang


Topics
Anatomy and Physiology of
Endocrine system

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism vs.
Hyperparathyroidism
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Second great controlling system of the body.
• Ductless glands
• Produces hormones that they release into the
blood or lymph
• Very rich blood supply
MAJOR ENDOCRINE ORGANS
Pituitary gland Thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands Adrenal gland


Pineal Gland Hypothalamus
Thymus gland Pancreas

Gonads
(Testes and Ovaries)
HYPOTHYROIDISM

Serum
Serum T3 and T4 is
Cholesterol
DECREASED
Diagnostic
is
INCREASE

Test RAIU
is
DECREASED
HYPOTHYROIDISM
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1. Monitor strictly vital signs and intake and output to determine presence
of:
• MYXEDEMA COMA is a severe form of hypothyroidism is characterized
by severe hypotension, bradycardia, bradypnea, hypoventilation,
hyponatremia, hypoglycemia leading to progressive stupor and coma.
HYPOTHYROIDISM
NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR MYXEDEMA COMA
1.Assist in mechanical ventilation
2.Administer thyroid hormones as ordered
1. Force fluids
3.Administer isotonic fluid solution as ordered
4.Administer medications:
Thyroid Hormones LEVOTHYROXINE LEOTHYRONINE THYROID
EXTRACTS
5. Provide dietary intake that is LOW IN CALORIES
6. Provide comfortable and warm environment
7.Provide meticulous skin care
HYPERTHYROIDISM

Serum T3 RAIU
and T4 is is
Diagnostic INCREASED INCREASED

Test THYROID SCAN


–reveals an ENLARGED
THYROID GLAND
HYPERTHYROIDISM
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1. Monitor strictly vital signs and intake and output to determine
presence of:
• THYROID STORM is a severe form of hyperthyroidism is characterized by
severe hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperventilation,
hyperpyrexia, altered neurologic or mental state, which frequently
appears as delirium psychosis, somnolence, or coma
HYPERTHYROIDISM
NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR
THYROTOXICOSIS

Cool quiet environment


O2 inhalation
IV fluids (hypertonic)
Antithyroid agents
HYPERTHYROIDISM
2. Administer medications as ordered
Antithyroid Agents PROPHYTHIORACIL (PTU)
METHYMAZOLE (TAPAZOLE)
Side effects: AGRANULOCYTOSIS
• increase lymphocytes and monocytes, fever and chills, sore throat,
leukocytosis (CBC)
BETA-BLOCKERS PROPANOLOL (INDERAL) ATENOLOL
(TENORMIN)

3. Provide dietary intake that is INCREASED IN CALORIES.


4. Provide meticulous skin care
5. Comfortable and cold environment
6. Maintain side rails
7. Provide bilateral eye patch to prevent drying
of the eyes.
8. Assist in surgical procedures: SUBTOTAL THYROIDECTOMY
• Before thyroidectomy administer LUGOL’S SOLUTION, SSKI, POTASSIUM
IODIDE to decrease bleeding and hemorrhage.
Hypoparathyroidism vs.
Hyperparathyroidism
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

ETIOLOGY
ETILOGY1 ETIOLOGY 2

Atrophy of parathyroid due to:


a.Inflammation
Subtotal thyroidectomy b.Tumor
c.Trauma
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
1.ACUTE TETANY
• tingling sensation, paresthesia, numbness, dysphagia, POSITIVE
TROUSSEAU'S SIGN, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK’S SIGN,
laryngospasm/bronchospasm, seizure, arrhythmia
2.CHRONIC TETANY
• photophobia and cataract formation, loss of tooth enamel, anorexia,
nausea and vomiting, agitation and memory loss
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

Serum Serum Phosphate


Calcium is is
Diagnostic DECREASED INCREASED

Test CT Scan
X-ray of long
bones reveals reveals
a decrease in degeneration
bone density of basal
ganglia
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1.Administer medications as
ordered such as:
A.ACUTE TETANY CALCIUM GLUCONATE
IV SLOWLY
B.CHRONIC TETANY
• Oral Calcium supplements
• Calcium Gluconate
• Calcium Lactate
• Calcium Carbonate
A.Vitamin D for absorption of calcium
2.Avoid precipitating stimulus such as glaring lights and noise
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

3. Encourage increase intake of foods rich in calcium


• anchovies
• salmon
• green turnips
4. Institute seizure and safety
Precaution
5. Encourage client to breathe using paper bag to produce mild respiratory acidosis result.
6. Prepare TRACHEOSTOMY SET at bedside for presence of laryngospasm
7. Prevent complication
8. Hormonal replacement therapy for lifetime
9. Importance of follow up care.
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

ETIOLOGY
ETILOGY1 ETIOLOGY 2

Over compensation of
parathyroid gland due to vitamin
Hyperplasia of parathyroid gland D deficiency

a. Children: RICKETTS
b. Adults: OSTEOMALACIA
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
1. Bone pain especially at back

2. Kidney stones
a. renal colic
b. cool moist skin

3. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting

4. Agitation and memory impairment Calcium is increased Hypophosphatemia


HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1. Force fluids to prevent kidney stones
2. Strain all the urine using gauze pad for stone analysis
3. Provide warm sitz bath
4. Administer medication: MORPHINE SULFATE (DEMEROL)
5. Encourage increase intake of foods rich in phosphate but low in calcium
6. Provide acid ash in the diet to acidify urine and prevent bacterial growth
7. Assist/supervise in ambulation
8. Maintain side rails
9. Prevent complications (seizure and arrhythmia)
10.Assist in surgical procedure known as PARATHYROIDECTOMY
11.Hormonal replacement therapy for lifetime
12.Importance of follow up care

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