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Analytic Geometry Reviewer

Analytic geometry involves representing geometric shapes using algebraic equations within a coordinate system. It defines points on a plane using ordered pairs of numbers and represents lines and curves with algebraic equations. Key concepts include the rectangular coordinate system, slope, equations of straight lines, parallel and perpendicular lines, distance between points, and conic sections like circles, ellipses, parabolas and hyperbolas which are represented by general quadratic equations. Determining the type of conic section from its equation, finding the eccentricity, and using properties like foci and directrix are important skills for this topic.

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Robin Wright Aratan
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110 views

Analytic Geometry Reviewer

Analytic geometry involves representing geometric shapes using algebraic equations within a coordinate system. It defines points on a plane using ordered pairs of numbers and represents lines and curves with algebraic equations. Key concepts include the rectangular coordinate system, slope, equations of straight lines, parallel and perpendicular lines, distance between points, and conic sections like circles, ellipses, parabolas and hyperbolas which are represented by general quadratic equations. Determining the type of conic section from its equation, finding the eccentricity, and using properties like foci and directrix are important skills for this topic.

Uploaded by

Robin Wright Aratan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analytic Geometry

FOR BOARD EXAM PURPOSES


What is Analytic Geometry?

 The study of geometric properties by means of algebraic


operations upon symbols defined in terms of a coordinate
system —called also coordinate geometry.
IF THIS IS YOUR FIRST
Rectangular TIME HEARING
THIS……. YOU’RE
Coordinate system SCREWED!
Definitions

 Rectangular co-ordinate system is also called as a Cartesian


coordinate system. It is a coordinate system that defines every point
differently in a plane by the pair of numerical coordinates.
 X-axis – the horizontal axis
 Y –axis – the vertical axis
 Ordered pair: identifies the location of a point on the rectangular
coordinate system (x coordinate, y coordinate) ; (abscissa ,
ordinate)
 Origin: (0,0) – intersection of the x and y axis
 Quadrant: a section of the rectangular coordinate system
MOST DEFINITELY
Equations of GOING TO APPEAR
Straight Lines ON YOUR EXAMS!
Definition

 When geometry was first formalized by Euclid in the


Elements, he defined a general line (straight or curved) to be
"breadth less length" with a straight line being a line "which
lies evenly with the points on itself".
Slope of the line

 Slope is a measure of Steepness.


 Sometimes referred to as the “rate of change”
between 2 points.
 Represented by the letter “m”.

 Types are:
 Positive
 Negative
 Zero
 Undefined
Finding the Slope using the angle of the line.
Forms of Straight line equations

 Slope-Intercept Form of a Straight Line


 “b” is the y-intercept
 Point-Slope Form of a Straight Line
 General Form of a Straight Line
 “A”, “B” and “C” are just parameters.

 Slope “m” is also known as “rise/run”


 “Θ” is the included angle of the line with an axis.
tan Θ= m
Determine if an ordered pair is a solution

 A solution set is defined as: all coordinates that would satisfy


the equation. A solution is a coordinate belonging to the set.
 Substitute the pair to the equation and check to see if the
statement is true.
 Example: Is (0, 12) a solution of 3x – y = 12?
 3(0) – (12) = 12 0 – 12 = 12 ; No, therefore (0,12) is not a solution
Distance Between Two Points

 The distance d between any two points with the coordinates (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
is given by the equation
 Example:
 Find the distance between the points at (2,3) and (-4,6)

 Answer = 6.71
Midpoint Formula

 Used to find the center of a line segment.


 Given by the equation
 Example:
 Find the midpoint between A(4,8) and B(1,12)

 Midpoint = (5/2 , 10)


Angles Between 2 Lines

 Given by the equation


 Find the angle between the lines 2x – y + 1 = 0 and 2x + y - 3
= 0.
 ;

 Θ=38.66 degrees
Parallel Lines

 Remember, Parallel lines have the same slope.


 Basically, you will need an equation of a line and a coordinate that is a
solution of a line parallel to the line equation given.
 Example
 Find the equation of the line parallel to y=3x+6 passing through (-1,9).
 y=mx+b ; 9=3(-1)+b ; 12=b
 Answer: y=3x+12
Perpendicular Lines

 Lines that intersect at right angles are called perpendicular lines. The
slopes of these lines are opposite reciprocals (negative reciprocals).
 y=2x+1 ; y=(-1/2) + 1
 Basically, you will need an equation of a line and a coordinate that is a
solution of a line parallel to the line equation given.
 Example
 Find the equation of the line that contains (2, -3) and is perpendicular to
 m=2 ; y+3=2(x-2) use point-slope form for ease
Conics
MAYBE 1 OR 2 OF THESE WILL APPEAR! BUT EACH HAVE
HIGH POINTS!
What’s a Conic?

 A conic section is the intersection of a plane and a cone.


Equation of Conics

 Conic sections have a general formula where either A or C


must be nonzero.
Equation of Conics
Conics Terms

 Directrix, a straight reference line to describe


a curve.
 Eccentricity, “e” is the constant ratio of the
distance from a point to the focus and the
distance from that point to the directrix.
 Focus, it is the point whose distance from a
point on the conic makes a constant ratio with
the distance between that point and the
directrix.
Finding the Eccentricity of a Conic Section

 e= c/a
 Circle, easy enough e=0
 Parabola, it’s just e=1
 Ellipse, ; 0<c<a
 Hyperbola, ,
Determining Type of Conic Section

 To recognize the type of conic section, we may need to transform the


equation.
 (a)
Determining Type of Conic Section

 (b)
Determining Type of Conic Section

 (c)
Determining Type of Conic Section

 (d)
Thank you for Listening!
AND IF YOU REALLY DID....... YOU’LL GET A PERFECT
SCORE!
........ WELL AT LEAST IN ANALYTIC GEOMETRY!

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