CONTROL VALVES I

Types and Principles of Operation

 What is control valves?
Control Valves are mechanical device
used in various industrial process to
regulate the flow of fluids through a
pipeline or system. The primary
purpose of control valves is to control
the flow rate, pressure, temperature, or
level of fluid within a system.
 TYPES OF VALVES
Valves can be devided into a number of groups
according to their function in relation to signal
type, actuation method and construction. Its
function is to alert, generate or cancel signals for
the purpose of sensing, processing and
controlling. additionaly, the valve is used as a
power element for the supply of working fluid to
the actuator. Valves may be subdivided into the
following categories.
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE
A pneumatic directional control valve
PNEUMATIC
is a device used in pneumatic
systems to control the flow of
compressed air or gases in different
directions. It is a crucial component
in various industrial applications,
such as manufacturing, automation,
and machinery, where precise control
of pneumatic actuators or cylinders is
required.
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE
A hydraulic directional control valve is a
HYDRAULIC crucial component in hydraulic systems
that is designed to control the flow of
hydraulic fluid (usually oil) and direct it
to various hydraulic actuators, such as
cylinders or motors, in a specific
direction. These valves help manage
the movement and control of
machinery and equipment in various
industries, including construction,
manufacturing, and agriculture.
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES - GENERAL

The directional control valve controls the

passage of fluid signals by generating,
cancelling or redirecting signals. It can be the
poppet or slide type that is used for small
flow rates and for the generation of input and
process signals. It is also able to carry larger
flow rates and hence lends itself to use in
power and acuator control.
The multi - way directional control valve is described by:

• number of ports (ways): 2-way, 3-way etc.

• number of positions: 2 positions, 3
positions etc.
• method of actuation of the value
• special of return actuation
• special features of operation
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES AS A
SIGNALLING ELEMENT
As a signal element the directional control
valve is operated by, for example, a roller
lever detect to the piston rod position of a
cylinder. The signal element can be smaller in
size and create a small fluid pulse. A signal
pulse created will be at full operating pressure
but have d small flow rate.
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES AS A
PROCESSING ELEMENT
As a processing element the directional
control valve redirects, generates or cancels
signals depending on the signal inputs
recieved. The processing element can be
supplemented with additional elements and
function valves to create the desired control
conditions.
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES AS A
POWER ELEMENT
As a power element the directional control
valve must deliver the required quantity of fluid
to match the actuator requirements and hence
there is a need for larger volume flow rates and
larger sizes. This may result in a larger supply
port or manifold being used to deliver the fluid
to the actuator.
METHODS OF ACTUATION - DIRECTIONAL
CONTROL VALVE

The methods of actuation of directional

control valves are dependent upon the
requirements of the task. The types of
actuation vary, for example mechanical,
pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical and
combined actuation.
 NON-RETURN VALVE
A pneumatic non-return valve, often
PNEUMATIC referred to as a pneumatic check valve or a
one-way valve, is a device used in pneumatic
systems to ensure the flow of compressed
air or gas in one direction while preventing it
from flowing in the opposite direction. It
allows air to pass through when the
pressure on one side of the valve is higher
than the other (i.e., the desired direction),
but it closes off to block the flow when the
pressure on the opposing side exceeds the
pressure on the inlet side.
 NON-RETURN VALVE
HYDRAULIC
A hydraulic non-return valve, also known as
a check valve or one-way valve, is a
mechanical device used in hydraulic systems
to control the flow of fluid (typically a liquid
like oil) in one direction while preventing it
from flowing in the opposite direction. It
allows fluid to flow freely in one direction,
but when there is an attempt for reverse
flow, it closes to block that flow.
 NON-RETURN VALVE
The non-return valve allows a signal to flow
through the device in one direction and in the
other direction blocks the flow. There are many
variations in construction and size derived from
the basic non return valve. Other derived valves
utilise features of the non-return valve by the
incorporation of non-return elements. The non-
return valve can be found as an element of the
one-way flow control valve, quick exaust valve,
shuttle valve and the two pressure valve.
NON-RETURN VALVE
There are various types of non-return
valves, including swing check valves, lift
check valves, and ball check valves, each
with its own design and applications.
These valves are widely used in plumbing
systems, industrial processes, and various
fluid-handling systems to maintain the
desired flow direction and prevent
contamination or damage.
 NON-RETURN VALVE
Non-return valves operate automatically,
without the need for external power or control.
The design of the valve itself ensures that it
opens when fluid flows in the intended
direction and closes when there is backflow.
They help maintain system integrity by
preventing backflow, which can protect pumps,
equipment, and pipelines from damage. They
are also essential in preventing cross-
contamination in plumbing systems.
 NON-RETURN VALVE
Non-return valves can introduce some
resistance to flow due to their design, which
may lead to pressure drop. In some cases, they
may produce noise or vibrations during
operation. Regular inspection and maintenance
are important to ensure non-return valves
function correctly, as they can become clogged
or damaged over time.
 FLOW CONTROL VALVE
PNEUMATIC A pneumatic flow control valve is a type of
valve used in pneumatic systems to
regulate the flow of compressed air or
other gases. It is designed to control the
rate at which air flows through a
pneumatic circuit, allowing for precise
adjustment of airflow to achieve desired
performance or to control the speed of
pneumatic actuators, such as cylinders or
pneumatic motors.
 FLOW CONTROL VALVE
A hydraulic flow control valve is a device
HYDRAULIC used in hydraulic systems to regulate the
rate of fluid flow within a hydraulic circuit.
It is a critical component that helps control
the speed and direction of hydraulic
actuators, such as hydraulic cylinders or
motors, by adjusting the flow of hydraulic
fluid. These valves are commonly used in
various industrial and mobile hydraulic
applications where precise control of fluid
flow is essential.
 FLOW CONTROL VALVE
A flow control valve is a mechanical or electronically
controlled device used in fluid systems to regulate the rate
of fluid flow within a pipeline or system. Flow control valves
are essential components in fluid systems, serving the
crucial function of regulating the rate of fluid flow. They
come in various types and can be operated manually or
automatically, making them versatile tools for managing
flow rates in a wide range of applications and industries.
Their precision and reliability contribute to efficient and safe
operation in fluid systems.
 FLOW CONTROL VALVE
Flow control valves are designed to manage and adjust the
flow rate of fluids in a controlled and precise manner. They
are used to ensure that the flow rate remains within
specified limits for operational or safety reasons. It can be
operated manually, using mechanical levers or handles, or
automatically through the use of actuators, sensors, and
control systems. Some valves use throttling mechanisms,
while others control flow through the manipulation of
valve openings or orifice sizes.
 FLOW CONTROL VALVE
Flow control valves offer precise control over fluid flow rates,
ensuring that processes operate efficiently and safely. They
can be used to regulate temperature, pressure, and flow
volume within a system, and they help prevent damage to
equipment and maintain system stability.
Limitations: Depending on the type and design, flow control
valves may introduce pressure drops or energy losses in the
system. Proper selection, sizing, and maintenance are
necessary to minimize these limitations.
THANK YOU!